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     • Gateway drugs are substances that are believed to increase the risk of individuals progressing to the use of more potent and potentially addictive substances. They serve as an initial point of entry into substance abuse and can have significant implications for an individual’s health and well-being.
     www.anormed.com/blog/what-is-a-gateway-drug/

     What Is A Gateway Drug - Anormed UK

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   What is the gateway drug hypothesis?

   • The gateway drug hypothesis refers to the pattern of substance use during adolescence whereby legal substances, such as nicotine and alcohol, precede the progressive use of illicit substances like cocaine and heroin (Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017).

   Testing the Gateway Hypothesis - Nature

   www.nature.com/articles/npp2016279.pdf

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   What is a gateway drug?

   • In the early 1980s, the term Gateway drug began to be used to refer to alcohol and cigarettes, the drugs that are used prior to the use of illicit drugs. Soon, the usage was extended to include the use of marijuana as a precursor to the use of other illicit drugs, such as cocaine or heroin, and more rarely even to cocaine as a precursor to heroin.

   Examining the Gateway Hypothesis: Stages and Pathways of Drug

   www.cambridge.org/core/books/stages-and-pathways-of-drug-involvement/examining-the-gateway-hypothesis-stages-and-pathways-of-drug-involvement/9891FF69634C25630CE57E36D5F7977F

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   What is the gateway hypothesis?

   • The gateway hypothesis was developed by Denise Kandel, who observed that young people become involved in drugs in stages and sequences. 1 She found that in the general population of the United States and other Western societies, a well-defined developmental sequence of drug use occurs that starts with a legal drug and proceeds to illegal drugs.

   A Molecular Basis for Nicotine as a Gateway Drug | NEJM

   www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1405092

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   Is nicotine a gateway drug?

   • Both opponents and proponents of legalization have distorted what science does and does not tell us — and both sides have overlooked the importance of nicotine as a gateway drug. Epidemiologic studies have shown that nicotine use is a gateway to the use of marijuana and cocaine in human populations.

   A Molecular Basis for Nicotine as a Gateway Drug | NEJM

   www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1405092

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3. iopn.library.illinois.edu › pressbooks › druguseand4 Gateway Drugs (Caffeine, Alcohol, Tobacco, Marijuana)

   iopn.library.illinois.edu › pressbooks › druguseand

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   Understand how caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana work in the human body. Explain the difference between use, misuse, abuse and dependence of gateway drugs. Demonstrate familiarity with drug use policies and laws and the impacts they have on legal and illegal use related to the classes of gateway drugs.

   • Drug Use and Misuse

     The World Health Organization (1994) says that “drug” is a...

4. www.cambridge.org › core › booksExamining the Gateway Hypothesis: Stages and Pathways of Drug ...

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   Jul 25, 2009 · According to this notion, there is a progressive and hierarchical sequence of stages of drug use that begins with tobacco or alcohol, two classes of drugs that are legal, and proceeds to marijuana, and from marijuana to other illicit drugs, such as cocaine, metamphetamines, and heroin.

   • Author: Denise B. Kandel

   • Publish Year: 2002

5. www.nature.com › articles › npp2016279Testing the Gateway Hypothesis - Nature

   www.nature.com › articles › npp2016279

   The gateway drug hypothesis refers to the pattern of substance use during adolescence whereby legal substances, such as nicotine and alcohol, precede the progressive use of illicit substances...

   • Author: Michael L Miller, Yasmin L Hurd

   • Publish Year: 2017

6. www.nature.com › articles › npp2016279Testing the Gateway Hypothesis | Neuropsychopharmacology - Nature

   www.nature.com › articles › npp2016279

   Jan 18, 2017 · The gateway drug hypothesis refers to the pattern of substance use during adolescence whereby legal substances, such as nicotine and alcohol, precede the progressive use of illicit...

   • Author: Michael L Miller, Yasmin L Hurd

   • Publish Year: 2017

7. www.nejm.org › doi › fullA Molecular Basis for Nicotine as a Gateway Drug | NEJM

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   Sep 4, 2014 · Nicotine serves as a gateway drug to cocaine abuse. The Shattuck lecturers, Eric Kandel and Denise Kandel, reveal molecular pathways that explain the role... Nearly all cocaine users are also...

   • Author: Eric R. Kandel, Denise B. Kandel

   • Publish Year: 2014

8. www.nejm.org › doi › pdfA Molecular Basis for Nicotine as a Gateway Drug

   www.nejm.org › doi › pdf

   portance of nicotine as a gateway drug. Epidemiologic studies have shown that nicotine use is a gateway to the use of marijuana and cocaine in human populations.

9. www.cambridge.org › core › booksThe Gateway Hypothesis Revisited (Chapter 16) - Stages and ...

   www.cambridge.org › core › books

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   Jul 25, 2009 · The first proposition embedded in the Gateway Hypothesis is that among adolescents there is a developmental sequence of involvement with different classes or categories of drugs, such that initiation into drug use begins with the drugs earlier in the sequence, namely, the legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco. Involvement with illicit drugs occurs ...