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Communication (components of membrane serve as receptors for various signal molecules) Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Cell/Plasma Membrane, Functions of the Cell Membrane, Lipids & Proteins and more.
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- Paracrine Signaling
- Autocrine Signaling
- Endocrine Signaling
- Direct Signaling
- Internal Receptors
- Cell-Surface Receptors
- Small Hydrophobic Ligands
- Water-Soluble Ligands
Signals that act locally between cells that are close together are called paracrine signals. Paracrine signals move by diffusion through the extracellular matrix (Figure 9.2). These types of signals usually elicit quick responses that last only a short amount of time. In order to keep the response localized, paracrine ligands are usually quickly de...
When a cell responds to its own signaling molecule, it is called autocrine signaling (auto = “self”). Autocrine signaling often occurs with other types of signaling. For example, when a paracrine signal is released, the signaling cell may respond to the signal along with its neighbors (Figure 9.2). Autocrine signaling often occurs during early deve...
Signals from distant cells are called endocrine signals, and they originate from endocrine cells. (In the body, many endocrine cells are located in endocrine glands, such as the thyroid gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary gland.) These types of signals usually produce a slower response but have a longer-lasting effect. The ligands released i...
Gap junctions in animals and plasmodesmata in plants are connections between the plasma membranes of neighboring cells. These water-filled channels allow small signaling molecules to diffuse between the two cells. Small molecules, such as calcium ions (Ca2+), are able to move between cells, but large molecules like proteins and DNA cannot fit throu...
Internal receptors, also known as intracellular or cytoplasmic receptors, are found in the cytoplasm of target cells and respond to hydrophobic ligand molecules that are able to travel across the plasma membrane. Once inside the cell, many of these molecules bind to proteins that act as regulators of mRNA synthesis (transcription) to mediate gene e...
Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are integral proteins that bind to external signaling molecules. These receptors span the plasma membrane and perform signal transduction, in which an extracellular signal is converted into an intercellular signal. (Figure 9.5). Because cell-surface receptor proteins are fundamental to ...
Small hydrophobic ligands, also called lipid-soluble ligands, can directly diffuse through the plasma membrane and interact with internal receptors. Important members of this class of ligands are the steroid hormones. Steroids are lipids that have a hydrocarbon skeleton with four fused rings; different steroids have different functional groups atta...
Since water-soluble ligands are polar, they cannot pass through the plasma membrane unaided. Sometimes they are too large to pass through the membrane at all. Instead, most water-soluble ligands bind to the extracellular domain of cell-surface receptors (see Figure 9.5). This group of ligands is quite diverse and includes small molecules, peptides,...
A theory is a tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena that is supported by a large body of evidence. Science may be better defined as fields of study that attempt to comprehend the nature of the universe. Scientific Reasoning. One thing is common to all forms of science: an ultimate goal “to know.”
Jan 15, 2021 · What is Cell Signaling? Cell signaling is the process of cellular communication within the body driven by cells releasing and receiving hormones and other signaling molecules. As a process, cell signaling refers to a vast network of communication between, and within, each cell of our body.
Dec 18, 2016 · After we look at this process, we’ll take a look at how different forms of cellular communication are classified by the distance the signal must travel. We’ll see how cell-to-cell contact is responsible for many immune system reactions.
