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Sep 2, 2023 · According to Gattie and the FRA, “a derailment happens when on-track equipment leaves the rail for a reason other than a collision, explosion, highway-rail grade crossing impact, etc.”
Aug 2, 2013 · The tendency to derail is often described by the L/V ratio, where L is the lateral force and V is the vertical force at the wheel-track interface, as shown in Figure 7.6.
Feb 22, 2023 · A derailment can mean just one car off the rails by a few inches, or, as in East Palestine, Ohio, 38 cars that are completely off the rails and heavily damaged.
Turning moment is a function of force acting at a distance from a pivot point. When wind acts on the side of a rail wagon, the force exerted by the wind induces an overturning moment on the wagon.
Indeed, a lightning storm is the most powerful display of electrostatics in nature. In this part of Lesson 4, we will ponder two questions: What is the cause and mechanism associated with lightning strikes? How do lightning rods serve to protect buildings from the devastating effects of a lightning strike? Static Charge Buildup in the Clouds
However, high-speed video camera shots of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes clearly shows the progression of this stepped leader as it descends and connects to the ground. The following is a frame-by-frame sequence from 1,500 frames per second video of a cloud-to-ground lightning strike:
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A lightning strike or lightning bolt is a lightning event in which the electric discharge takes place between the atmosphere and the ground. Most originate in a cumulonimbus cloud and terminate on the ground, called cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning.
