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Revision notes on 6.3.1 Damping for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams.
Sep 12, 2022 · Flow rate and velocity are related, but quite different, physical quantities. To make the distinction clear, consider the flow rate of a river. The greater the velocity of the water, the greater the flow rate of the river. But flow rate also depends on the size and shape of the river.
Feb 20, 2022 · Define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Explain what viscosity is. Calculate flow and resistance with Poiseuille’s law. Explain how pressure drops due to resistance.
Mar 12, 2024 · Understand Newton’s second law of motion. Apply Newton’s second law to determine the weight of an object. Newton’s second law of motion is closely related to Newton’s first law of motion. It mathematically states the cause and effect relationship between force and changes in motion.
- Flow Regimes
- Laminar Flow
- Turbulent Flow
- Flow Velocity Profiles
- Average (Bulk) Velocity
- Viscosity
- Ideal Fluid
- Reynolds Number
All fluid flow is classified into one of two broad categories or regimes. These two flow regimes are laminar flow and turbulent flow. The flow regime, whether laminar or turbulent, is important in the design and operation of any fluid system. The amount of fluid friction, which determines the amount of energy required to maintain the desired flow, ...
Laminar flowis also referred to as streamline or viscous flow. These terms are descriptive of the flow because, in laminar flow, (1) layers of water flowing over one another at different speeds with virtually no mixing between layers, (2) fluid particles move in definite and observable paths or streamlines, and (3) the flow is characteristic of vis...
Turbulent flowis characterized by the irregular movement of particles of the fluid. There is no definite frequency as there is in wave motion. The particles travel in irregular paths with no observable pattern and no definite layers.
Not all fluid particles travel at the same velocity within a pipe. The shape of the velocity curve (the velocity profile across any given section of the pipe) depends upon whether the flow is laminar or turbulent. If the flow in a pipe is laminar, the velocity distribution at a cross section will be parabolic in shape with the maximum velocity at t...
In many fluid flow problems, instead of determining exact velocities at different locations in the same flow cross-section, it is sufficient to allow a single average velocity to represent the velocity of all fluid at that point in the pipe. This is fairly simple for turbulent flow since the velocity profile is flat over the majority of the pipe cr...
Viscosity is a fluid property that measures the resistance of the fluid to deforming due to a shear force. Viscosity is the internal frictionof a fluid which makes it resist flowing past a solid surface or other layers of the fluid. Viscosity can also be considered to be a measure of the resistance of a fluid to flowing. A thick oil has a high visc...
An ideal fluid is one that is incompressibleand has no viscosity. Ideal fluids do not actually exist, but sometimes it is useful to consider what would happen to an ideal fluid in a particular fluid flow problem in order to simplify the problem.
The flow regime (either laminar or turbulent) is determined by evaluating the Reynolds number of the flow (refer to figure 5). The Reynolds number, based on studies of Osborn Reynolds, is a dimensionless number comprised of the physical characteristics of the flow. Equation 3-7 is used to calculate the Reynolds number (NR) for fluid flow. where: Fo...
May 2, 2015 · Mass flow rate is simply a measurement of the amount of mass (weight) passing by a single point over a length of time. (Click here to see the difference between weight and mass).
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This parameter is studied here, to examine the maximum flow rate and to see what is the effect of the compressibility on the flow rate. The area ratio as a function of the Mach number needed to be established, specifically and explicitly the relationship for the chocked flow.
