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Information about depression, its symptoms and possible causes, and how you can access treatment and support. Includes tips on caring for yourself, and guidance for friends and family. If you require this information in Word document format for compatibility with screen readers, please email: publications@mind.org.uk.
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Jan 22, 2018 · There are different types of mental health, such as depression, anxiety, psychological distress, internalizing, or externalizing. The main symptom of depression is having a decaying mood, where...
- Linda Gask1 and Carolyn Chew-Graham2
- Key symptoms
- Maria’s story
- Francis’s story
- What causes depression and anxiety?
- Factors contributing to vulnerability and resilience
- Factors that influence the speed of recovery
- psychological theories
- Biological factors
- Summary
University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Research Institute, Primary Care and Health Sciences and National School for Primary Care Research, Keele University, Keele, UK Anxiety and depression are both common mental health disorders. They are the commonest mental health problems in the community, and the great majority of people who experience thes...
Depression† Generalised anxiety disorder Phobia Panic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder Low mood Loss of interest or pleasure Excessive anxiety and worry Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion to the actual danger or threat Panic attacks (sudden, short-lived anxiety) Presence of obsessio...
‘I’ve always been a worrier, I know that. My husband Ged says I’m always needing someone to tell me everything is going to be OK. He gets annoyed with me sometimes. I do worry about everything, especially my family. Sometimes I sit here in the armchair and it just feels as though something else awful is going to happen and I’ve no idea what it is. ...
‘I had my first drink when I was 14. I used to get really anxious when I was out, so it gave me a bit of Dutch courage. I couldn’t chat up girls if I hadn’t had a drink. I was the life and soul of the party when I’d had a drink. Then it started to get a bit out of hand, and I carried on drinking when everyone else moved on, went to college and left...
A combination of biological, social and psychological factors contribute to the onset of depression and anxiety. These interact with each other to differing degrees in each individual, and it is helpful to think in terms of ‘vulnerability’ and ‘resilience’ when considering the likelihood that a person will experience symptoms if they experience str...
Genetic factors are important, but there is no specific gene for ‘depression’ or ‘anxiety’. As well as influencing vulnerability, genes also control resilience – a low likelihood that a person will become depressed or anxious when under stress. Early life experience increases our vulnerability, in particular maternal separation, maternal neglect an...
Some social factors both trigger the onset of symptoms and delay recovery. Bereavement, particularly one that is complicated, as we will see in Chapter 7, can lead to prolonged symptoms of depression in some people. Separation and divorce, physical disability, prolonged unemployment and other life events that lead to the person experiencing a sens...
Freud’s theory of depression linked depression with the experi-ence of loss and prolonged mourning. It can be helpful in understanding how prolonged grief develops into depression. One of the best known recent theories of depression is the cognitive theory proposed by Beck, from which cognitive-behavioural therapy has developed. In early life, in r...
The monoamine hypothesis of depression and anxiety proposes that mood disorders are caused by a deficiency of the neurotrans-mitters noradrenaline and serotonin at key receptor sites in the brain. The way in which most antidepressants work is by altering activity at these receptors. However, it is now clear that this is far from the whole story. In...
Primary care clinicians have an important role in the detection and management of anxiety and depression in patients consulting them. The importance of listening to the patient’s story and understand-ing the context in which people live, is vital when formulating the problem and negotiating management.
Feelings of sadness, loneliness, fear, hopelessness, stress, and anxiety are normal, and they usually pass with time. But if they interfere with daily activities, cause a high level of distress, or occupy your mind endlessly, you may have an anxiety disorder or depression — or both.
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What is depression? Everyone feels sad or low sometimes, but these feelings usually pass. Depression (also called major depression, major depressive disorder, or clinical depression) is diferent. It can cause severe symptoms that afect how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working.
Anxiety is a word we use to describe feelings of unease, worry and fear. It incorporates both the emotions and the physical sensations we might experience when we are worried or nervous about something. what is anxiety? Although we usually find it un-pleasant, anxiety is related to the fight or flight response – our
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Jan 29, 2018 · The research in the past 15 years is reviewed in the context of three conceptual models: (a) anxiety and depression differ quantitatively; (b) anxiety and depression differ qualitatively; and (c) combined anxiety and depression syndromes (anxious depressions) differ both quantitatively and qualitatively from either pure anxiety or pure depression.
