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  1. Dec 31, 2009 · The definitions show a clear distinction between decline and failure, with the turnaround definition directing the categorisation process. The literature acknowledges the complexity of the...

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    • Defining business decline, failure and turnaround: a content analysis
    • Abstract
    • Aim of this study
    • Limitations of this research
    • Future Research

    Marius Pretorius Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa marius.pretorius@up.ac.za

    In the past, researchers have often defined failure to suit their data. This has led to a lack of comparability in research outputs. The overriding objective of this paper is to propose a universal definition for the failure phenomenon. Clear definitions are a prerequisite for exploring major constructs, their relationship to failure and the contex...

    This study has one principal aim: It seeks to review the scientific literature on business failure through grounded theory methodology and to identify the universal constructs of the failure phenomenon. It therefore attempts to advance research at this promising intersection of entrepreneurship, business management and the cognition sciences by map...

    Limitations of one study serve as challenges for the next. Definitions per se suggest guidelines for classification of variables. Classification requires homogeneity within categories and heterogeneity between categories to allow for generalisation. The definitions show a clear distinction between decline and failure, with the turnaround definiti...

    This study identified the criteria that distinguish business decline from failure and suggested a platform for understanding a previously ill-defined phenomenon. Extension of this research is required, firstly in the direction of classification of critical failure variables and secondly to ascertain the governing principles of the failure domain. I...

  2. Jun 25, 2017 · Business history is filled with examples of catastrophic decline processes of industries. Such decline processes have occurred, for example, in the British coal industry, the Detroit automobile industry, the Pittsburgh steel industry, and the Scottish knitwear industry.

    • Juha-Antti Lamberg, Jari Ojala, Mirva Peltoniemi
    • 2018
  3. Deindustrialization is a process of social and economic change caused by the removal or reduction of industrial capacity or activity in a country or region, especially of heavy industry or manufacturing industry. There are different interpretations of what deindustrialization is.

  4. The NBER’s Business Cycle Dating Committee defines a recession as “a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in production, employment, real income, and other indicators.

  5. Dec 31, 2009 · The study reports on the core definitions of the failure phenomenon and identifies core criteria for distinguishing between them. It places decline, failure and turnaround in perspective and highlights level of distress and turnaround as key moderating elements.

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  7. Jan 3, 2023 · Rather NBER uses a broader definition of recession as a period where there is a significant and persistent decline in economic activity that is spread across the economy. NBER uses a number of indicators to measure economic activity, including real GDP, economy-wide employment, real sales, and industrial production.