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Review your knowledge of concavity of functions and how we use differential calculus to analyze it.
The concavity of the graph of a function refers to the curvature of the graph over an interval; this curvature is described as being concave up or concave down. Generally, a concave up curve has a shape resembling "∪" and a concave down curve has a shape resembling "∩" as shown in the figure below. Concave up.
Dec 21, 2020 · Definition Concave Up and Concave Down. Let \(f\) be differentiable on an interval \(I\). The graph of \(f\) is concave up on \(I\) if \(f'\) is increasing. The graph of \(f\) is concave down on \(I\) if \(f'\) is decreasing. If \(f'\) is constant then the graph of \(f\) is said to have no concavity.
Definition 1. A function f : S ⊂ Rn → R defined on a convex set S is concave if for any two points x1 x2 ∈ , S and for any λ ∈ [0, 1] we have: λx1 (1 − λ) x2 ≥ λf(x1) (1 − λ)f(x2) + +. is called strictly concave if for any two points x1 , x2 ∈ S and for any λ ∈ (0, 1) we have: λx1 (1 − λ) x2 > λf(x1) (1 − λ)f(x2) + +.
The mathematical definition of a function being concave between points $x_1$ and $x_2$ is the following: $\lambda f(x_1)+(1-\lambda)f(x_2) \leq f(\lambda x_1+(1-\lambda)x_2)$, for any $0 \leq \lambda \leq 1$.
f(b)(c a) f(a)(c b) + f(c)(b a); which (since c a > 0) holds i. f(b)baf(a) +aaf(c):Take = (c b)=(c a) 2 (0; 1) and verify. that, indeed, b = a + (1 )c. Then the last inequal. ty holds since f is concave. Conversely, the preceding argument shows that if the rst inequality in (1) holds then f is.
If a function changes from concave upward to concave downward or vice versa around a point, it is called a point of inflection of the function. In determining intervals where a function is concave upward or concave downward, you first find domain values where f″(x) = 0 or f″(x) does not exist.