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1. • • Christian Wolff (1679–1754) defined civilized nations in his Jus Gentium as those who conformed to standards of reason and politeness, cultivated, and perfected intellectual virtues, and trained the mind. Barbarous nations neglected their intellect and followed ‘their natural inclinations and aversions’.
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   What is a 'civilized nation'?

   • 1 The phrase ‘civilized nations’ (also known as ‘civilized peoples’, ‘civilized countries’, or, collectively, as the ‘civilized world’) has long served to distinguish European Christian States from States not thought to possess similar legal systems or values.

   Civilized Nations - Oxford Public International Law

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   What does 'civilization' mean?

   • The word ‘civilization,’ coined in the 18th century, has a complex history, multiple meanings, and considerable baggage. 1 It has been used to describe a process, destination, benchmark, fact, or an ideal that evaluates the social self-understanding of the ‘civilized’ in reference to those they considered ‘barbarian’, ‘savage’, or ‘uncivilized’.

   38 The Civilized and the Uncivilized - Oxford Academic

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   When did civilization start?

   • 3. THE HUMANISTIC I8TH CENTURY AND THE COINING OF CIVILIZATION In the 18th century, when the word 'civilization' appeared, the concept of the civilized/ uncivilized entered legal discourse through the language of the Enlightenment.

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   What is the difference between civilized and uncivilized?

   • When 'civilized' was used to describe a people, nation or State, it constituted and was constituted by its opposite, the 'uncivilized'. The civilized, those endowed with civilization, were recognized as proper subjects of international law. The uncivilized, those lacking civilization, were left outside of international law.

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   When did the term 'civilization' evolve?

   • In 1929 lucien Febvre offered the first systematic reflection on the evolution of the meanings of the term ‘civilization’, from singular ideal, which he dated to the third quarter of the 18th century, to plural fact, which he placed at the close of the Napoleonic epoch.

   Perry Anderson, The Standard of Civilization, NLR 143, September

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   What was the mission of a civilized nation?

   • As they were 'in opposition to barbarous or savage nations' civilized nations had a mission: 'to promote the education, the guidance, in one word, the civilization of savage peoples, to extend the territory of civilized States more and more, to constitute civilized authorities in the greater name of barbarous regions'.

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3. opil.ouplaw.com › abstract › 10Oxford Public International Law: Civilized Nations

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   1 The phrase ‘civilized nations’ (also known as ‘civilized peoples’, ‘civilized countries’, or, collectively, as the ‘civilized world’) has long served to distinguish European Christian States from States not thought to possess similar legal systems or values.

4. academic.oup.com › edited-volume › 41327Civilization and Its Consequences | Oxford Handbook Topics in ...

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   Aug 6, 2015 · It describes the process of a social collective becoming civilized, or progressing from a state of nature, savagery, or barbarism to a state of civilization.

5. newleftreview.org › issues › ii143Perry Anderson, The Standard of Civilization, NLR 143 ...

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   Oct 12, 2023 · The Standard of Civilization. In 1929 lucien Febvre offered the first systematic reflection on the evolution of the meanings of the term ‘civilization’, from singular ideal, which he dated to the third quarter of the 18th century, to plural fact, which he placed at the close of the Napoleonic epoch. In 1944–45 he devoted his last lecture ...

6. www.academia.edu › 2530756 › _The_Civilized_and_the(PDF) “The Civilized and the Uncivilized” in Oxford Handbook ...

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   Civilized nations looked upon uncivilized ones 'with profound contempt' and characterized their condition 'as barbarism, coarseness, and a brutal degradation of humanity'.

   • Author: Liliana Obregón

7. link.springer.com › article › 10States, Nations, and Civilizations | Fudan Journal of the ...

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   Oct 28, 2020 · Nations and civilizations are compared as cultural entities or referents, with a view to laying a basis for analytical comparisons of nation states and civilization-states, in particular their implications of agency, time and history, including their different historical contexts of emergence.

8. education.nationalgeographic.org › resource › keyKey Components of Civilization - Education

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   Mar 6, 2024 · noun. location recognized by the United Nations as important to the cultural or natural heritage of humanity. Civilization describes a complex way of life characterized by urban areas, shared methods of communication, administrative infrastructure, and division of labor.