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Apr 10, 2024 · Definition of Agglutination Reaction. Agglutination reaction is a specific antigen-antibody reaction where visible clumping of particles occurs when a particulate antigen combines with its corresponding antibody under specific conditions of temperature, pH, and electrolyte presence.
- What Is agglutination?
- Prozone Phenomenon
- Types of Agglutination Reactions
- Active Agglutination
- Passive Agglutination
- Hemagglutination Test
- Applications of Agglutination Reactions
- Further Readings
Agglutination is the visible expression of the aggregation of antigens and antibodies. Agglutination reactions apply to particulate test antigens that have been conjugated to a carrier. The carrier could be artificial (such as latex or charcoal particles) or biological (such as red blood cells). These conjugated particles are reacted with patient s...
The condition of excess antibody, however, is called a prozone phenomenon.At a high concentration of antibody, the number of epitopes are outnumbered by antigen-binding sites. This results in the univalent binding of antigen by antibody rather than multivalently and thus, interferes in the crosslinking of antigen (Lattice formation). Occasionally, ...
Agglutination reactions can be broadly divided into three groups: 1. Active/Direct agglutination 2. Passive agglutination 3. Hemagglutination
Agglutination reactions where the antigens are found naturally on a particle are known as direct agglutination. In active agglutination, direct agglutination of particulate antigen with specific antibody occurs. Direct bacterial agglutination uses whole pathogens as a source of antigen. It measures the antibody level produced by a host infected wit...
Passive agglutination employs carrier particles that are coated with soluble antigens. In this either antibody or antigen is attached to certain inert carrier thereby, particles or cells gets agglutinated when corresponding antigen or antibody reacts. Latex particles, Carbon particles, Bantonite etc. are used as inert carriers. E.g. Antigens coated...
RBCs are used as carrier particles in hemagglutination tests. RBCs of sheep, human, chick, etc. are commonly used in the test. When RBCs are coated with antigen to detect antibodies in the serum, the test is called indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. Hemagglutination uses erythrocytes as the biological carriers of bacterial antigens, and purified...
Cross-matching and grouping of blood.Identification of Bacteria. E.g. Serotyping of Vibrio cholera, Serotyping of SalmonellaTyphi and Paratyphi.Serological diagnosis of various diseases. E.g Rapid plasma regains (RPR) test for Syphilis, Antistreptolysin O (ASO)test for rheumatic fever.Detection of unknown antigen in various clinical specimens. E.g. detection of Vi antigen of SalmonellaTyphi in the urine.https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book%3A_Microbiology_(Boundless)/12%3A_Immunology_Applications/12.2%3A_Immunoassays_for_Disease/12.2E%3A__Agglutination_Reactionshttps://www.brainkart.com/article/Types-of-Agglutination-Reactions—Antigen-Antibody-Reactions_20188/http://www.biosciencenotes.com/agglutination/Agglutination is one of the antigen and specific antibody reactions in-vitro in laboratory in the presence of electrolytes at a suitable temperature and pH. Agglutination is used for diagnosis of diseases in laboratory either uses the particulate or soluble antigens. Agglutination involves two steps.
In each technique results are interpreted based on the presence or absence of agglutination reaction. Agglutination reaction is interpreted as a positive (+) test result and indicates, based on the method used, the presence of specific antigen on erythrocytes or antibody in the serum of an individual.
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Immunology and serology is an advanced science dealing with how the human immune system organized, function and the different types of serological techniques. It is a very vast subject covering a wide area of technology.
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Apr 21, 2024 · Antibodies can agglutinate cells or large particles into a visible matrix. Agglutination tests are often done on cards or in microtiter plates that allow multiple reactions to take place side by side using small volumes of reagents.
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What is an example of agglutination?
Feb 28, 2023 · The purpose of agglutination is to detect the presence of specific antigens or antibodies in samples of bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); as well as to identify specific strains of bacteria in microbiological cultures.
