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      • Agglutination is a biological process in which particles, such as cells or microorganisms, clump together in the presence of specific antibodies. This phenomenon occurs when antibodies bind to antigens present on the surface of these particles, causing them to stick together and form visible aggregates or clumps.
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  2. Jan 1, 2014 · The agglutination phenomena can be defined as the linkage of particles or cells in a liquid resulting in formation of clumps. In detail, aggregation/agglutination is the...

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    • Ring Precipitation Test
    • Gel Diffusion Precipitation Test
    • Single Diffusion
    • Double Diffusion

    The ring precipitation test is usually performed in a tube, and requires the formation of antigen-–antibody precipitate between two fluids as a ring of precipitate that is layered on the surface of the antibody (Fig. 3.2) [1, 2].

    In gel diffusion precipitation tests, antibodies and antigens diffuse together in agar medium forming a line of precipitate . This test is available in two principles, single diffusion and double diffusion .

    In single diffusion, the antibodies are spread homogeneously in agar medium and the antigens diffuse within the agar . Here, the gel agar contains diluted antibodies specific to certain antigens . A ring of precipitate forms upon the addition of the antigens into the well, which is a cut in the agar . The ring forms at the equivalent point between...

    In double diffusion assays, antibodies and antigens are applied into two different wells in an agar medium and allowed to diffuse toward each other, forming a thin line of precipitate that meets at their equivalent point . The concentration depends on the position of the line and the diffusion co-efficient of both the antibodies and the antigens (F...

    • Rowa Yousef Alhabbab
    • 2018
  3. iphtheriae-produced toxins.AgglutinationPrincipleAgglutination is the development of antigenantibody complexes in the form of particle clumps (agglutinates) due to the interaction between the insoluble form of antigens (i.e., antigen associated with latex particles) and its.

    • Rowa Yousef Alhabbab
    • 2018
  4. Cellular agglutination is a convenient and sensitive initial approach for the detection of cell-surface-bound glycoconjugates of potential interest. The utilization of lectins with this technique has a long and consistent history of reliability [3,327].

  5. Immune hemagglutination, used for cross-matching donor red blood cells (RBCs), refers to coagulation of RBCs, with antibodies either directed to the RBC themselves or specific carbohydrates coating the cells (Gyenes & Sehon, 1962).

  6. Agglutination occurs when an insoluble or particle antigen interacts with an antibody. A positive reaction can be detected macroscopically in a short time. However, the antigen-antibody complex may be seen with the naked eye if the complex size is large. Both IgG or IgM could be involved in the agglutination reaction.

  7. Oct 13, 2015 · Introduction. Influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is a virus surface glycoprotein that readily binds to sialic acid receptors on the membranes of red blood cells (RBCs). Sufficient quantities of HA will cause RBCs to clump together, or agglutinate. However, RBC binding is inhibited when influenza antibodies bind to antigenic sites on the HA molecule.

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