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Active transport: moving against a gradient. To move substances against a concentration or electrochemical gradient, a cell must use energy. Active transport mechanisms do just this, expending energy (often in the form of ATP) to maintain the right concentrations of ions and molecules in living cells.
Unlike a normal electric current, an action potential is not a flow of electrons but instead occurs via a brief change in the distribution of electrical charge across the cell surface membrane. Action potentials are caused by the rapid movement of sodium ions and potassium ions across the membrane of the axon.
Information presented and the examples highlighted in the section support concepts and Learning Objectives outlined in Big Idea 3 of the AP ® Biology Curriculum Framework, as shown in the table.
Mar 19, 2024 · Driving System/Motor: This is the device that drives the rotation of the rotor. The motor is typically an electric motor, but some older or smaller centrifuges may be powered by a hand crank or a compressed air motor.
The cytoskeletal motor proteins associate with their filament tracks through a “head” region, or motor domain, that binds and hydrolyzes ATP. Coordinated with their cycle of nucleotide hydrolysis and conformational change, the proteins cycle between states in which they are bound strongly to their filament tracks and states in which they ...
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Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter released by motor neurons that binds to receptors in the motor end plate. Neurotransmitter release occurs when an action potential travels down the motor neuron’s axon, resulting in altered permeability of the synaptic terminal membrane and an influx of calcium.
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Mar 1, 2000 · Molecular motors are responsible for almost all biologically interesting motion. They support efficient, sustained, directional motility of cellular components within cells, of entire cells over surfaces and of entire organisms. Motors allow cells to set up complex structure, and then continuously to maintain and adjust it, by directing packets ...
