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Milliken v. Bradley, 418 U.S. 717 (1974), was a significant United States Supreme Court case dealing with the planned desegregation busing of public school students across district lines among 53 school districts in metropolitan Detroit. [1] It concerned the plans to integrate public schools in the United States following the Brown v.
- Regionalism Becomes A Force For Integration
- Separate But Equal?
- “Not Understanding The Real Problem”
- Marshall’s Dissent
- 45 Years Later, A Suffering School District
The movement of Detroit’s white population to the suburbs, known as ‘white flight’ across the nation, had left the city, and it’s schools, majority-black. “White flight had been so intense,” Hammer says. “I could bus [students] all I want within the boundaries of Detroit, but as a result of white flight that would never produce integration.” The de...
Once on Capitol Hill, Michigan’s Attorney General Frank Kelley brought forward the case of suburban schools. He argued that because there was no proof of intentional segregation in the suburbs, they should be excluded from the solution. Peter Hammer says that notion reflects a popular northern tone on desegregation. “There’s an old adage that in th...
The ruling set a standard that desegregation was not a regional responsibility. However, in arriving at that conclusion, Hammer says the Supreme Court misunderstood key context from the Swann case. “In Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, and in North Carolina more generally, if I have substantial sprawl and white flight they continuously change the s...
The ruling meant that as white families left Detroit for suburban school districts, the largely African American community still in the city was just left there. That inaction essentially allowed the city and the suburbs to segregate themselves. “Thurgood Marshall wrote an amazingly powerful, dissent saying is that if you don’t provide a remedy her...
Some felt the outcome stood in the face of past desegregation rulings, like Brown v. Board of Education. Fast forward to present day and Hammer says the result of the Milliken case is visible in Detroit public schools. “You think about the state of Detroit schools and the whole collapse as a result of failed state policy in terms of governance and ...
The April 7th Plan also provided for voluntary desegregation of Detroit’s high schools phased in over a three-year period, ultimately moving 10,000 students so 11 racially identifiable high schools would become more integrated in a district in which Blacks comprised 63.8% of the student body.
Jul 25, 2019 · Bradley, a pivotal Supreme Court case decided 45 years ago Thursday. Though few know the case by name, it’s come to define how we think about school desegregation, particularly in the north.
Jul 24, 2024 · In 1970, Detroit's school board passed a voluntary desegregation plan of the city's high schools, which was met with opposition from white families, sparking a walkout of white students,...
- Lily Altavena
- Educational Equity Reporter
Milliken argued that schools in Detroit were subject to de jure segregation. After making findings that supported this conclusion, the district court entered a decree that affected 53 school districts. Bradley, representing the school board, argued that there was no evidence that the school districts had taken a racially discriminatory action.
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Jul 29, 2024 · Bradley case overturned lower court decisions that would have paved the way for a cross-district busing plan to send thousands of Black Detroit students to suburban schools and thousands of...
