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1. www.consumerreports.org › environmentThe Big Problem With Plastic - Consumer Reports

   www.consumerreports.org › environment

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   Sep 8, 2021 · The truth is that only a fraction of plastic is actually recycled. According to the most recent data estimates available from the Environmental Protection Agency, just 8.7 percent of the plastic ...

2. www.consumerreports.org › health › food-contaminantsThe Plastic Chemicals Hiding in Your Food - Consumer Reports

   www.consumerreports.org › health › food-contaminants

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   Jan 4, 2024 · June. 1998. CR finds plasticizer chemicals called phthalates in some plastic wraps and cheeses, and asks the FDA to eliminate the chemicals from the food supply. May. 1999. CR finds that BPA in ...

3. www.consumerreports.org › health › food-contaminantsHow to Reduce Your Exposure to Plastic in Food - Consumer Reports

   www.consumerreports.org › health › food-contaminants

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   Jan 4, 2024 · These six steps can help. Avoid plastic food storage containers. If you do use them, don’t heat them in the microwave, and avoid using them to store hot food, because heat can increase leaching ...

4. link.springer.com › article › 10Effectiveness of intervention on behaviour change against use ...

   link.springer.com › article › 10

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   • Effects of Plastic Bag Regulation by Country Case
   • Study Quality, Risk of Bias, and Quality of Evidence

   A total of 533,324 studies were retrieved across the 14 databases. However, 533,256 were excluded after screening for title and abstracts. After check and scan for a duplicate on the remaining 68 studies, 47 were final eligible ones. Of the final 47 studies, full-text studies were retrieved and assessed against all inclusion and exclusion criteria....

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   3.2.1 Africa

   Intervention: A combination of bag ban and levy was introduced in 2007. Bags below 24 microns were banned, and retailers were instructed to set the levy price [21, 22]. Results: In the short-term, consumption dropped by 24% in the weeks after the ban and 50% by 18 months into implementation . Ten years later, the researchers found that 86% of people say that the ban had no impact on their plastic bag use . Further, based on a field survey with an average levy of BWP 0.44, if the levy...

   3.2.2 East Asia

   Intervention: A levy was introduced in June 2008, through a "nationwide regulation requiring all retailers to charge for plastic shopping bags" . Figure 5shows how nationwide regulation in China influenced consumption behaviour of plastic bags. Results: Half a year after implementation, "the average number of bags consumed monthly fell from around one million to 0.2 million” . A self-reported consumption reduction of 49% was observed in consumer surveys in two differently wealthy citi...

   3.2.3 Europe

   Intervention: A tax of €0.15 was imposed on consumption of plastic bags in 2001 . Result: The tax was fixed to change consumer behaviour towards the use of plastic bags in Ireland, and not necessarily to generate revenue. This emboldened the Irish government set the tax so high that it would deter consumers from indiscriminate use of plastic bags. The tax of €0.15 was multiple folds higher than the maximum price cited in a survey that was carried out before the levy was implemented, which...

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   The evidence of quality using GRADE was translated into numeric and depending on the quality category of studies, it is either downgraded or upgraded by points: high (0–1), moderate (2–3), low (4–5) and very low (> 5). Table 7 in Appendix explained the points. The 17 included studies varied in their GRADE scores—two studies received a ‘very low’ sc...

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5. www.researchgate.net › publication › 349937026Effectiveness of intervention on behaviour change against use ...

   www.researchgate.net › publication › 349937026

   Mar 9, 2021 · Previous research on retailers has primarily focused on measuring the quantity of plastic bags distributed by them, rather than on comprehending their role in implementing ban (Adeyanju et al., 2021).

6. journals.sagepub.com › doi › 10Considerations, benefits and unintended consequences of ...

   journals.sagepub.com › doi › 10

   Apr 20, 2021 · Single-use plastic shopping bags (SUPBs) are a significant source of environmental pollution (Jambeck et al., 2015; Xanthos and Walker, 2017).Improperly disposed SUPBs clog waterways resulting in flooding (Martinho et al., 2017), impair the visual appeal of landscapes (Xanthos and Walker, 2017) and reduce the recreational value of seashores (Jory et al., 2019).

7. www.sciencedirect.com › science › articleReducing plastic waste through legislative interventions in ...

   www.sciencedirect.com › science › article

   Mar 1, 2022 · While reducing plastic waste has emerged as a major challenge for environmental protection and sustainable development around the world, more than 90 countries have enacted legislative interventions at national, regional, or municipal levels for reducing the use of plastic bags, especially lightweight single-use plastic shopping bags (Wagner, 2017; Xanthos and Walker, 2017; Schnurr et al ...