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Answer key to the flow chart showing the main events and products in cellular respiration.
Describe, with the aid of the following diagram, chemiosmosis at the electron transport chain • Pyruvate is transported from the cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix • Pyruvate is decarboxylated and oxidised (carbon dioxide and NADH is produced)
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Base your answer to the question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram illustrates a process by which energy is released in organisms. Cells usually transfer the energy that is released directly to
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1. Explain the difference between fermentation and aerobic respiration. Fermentation is a partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen. Aerobic respiration consumes oxygen as a reactant along with the organic fuel. 2.
- Overview
- Introduction
- Steps of cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose and produces ATP. The stages of cellular respiration include glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid or Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular respiration is one of the most elegant, majestic, and fascinating metabolic pathways on earth. At the same time, it’s also one of the most complicated. When I learned about it for the first time, I felt like I had tripped and fallen into a can of organic-chemistry-flavored alphabet soup!
Luckily, cellular respiration is not so scary once you get to know it. Let's start by looking at cellular respiration at a high level, walking through the four major stages and tracing how they connect up to one another.
Overview of the steps of cellular respiration.
During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose. Much more ATP, however, is produced later in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation is powered by the movement of electrons through the electron transport chain, a series of proteins embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
These electrons come originally from glucose and are shuttled to the electron transport chain by electron carriers NAD+ and FAD , which become NADH and FADH2 when they gain electrons. To be clear, this is what's happening in the diagram above when it says + NADH or + FADH2 . The molecule isn't appearing from scratch, it's just being converted to its electron-carrying form:
NAD+ + 2e− + 2H+ → NADH + H+
FAD + 2e− + 2H+ → FADH2
To see how a glucose molecule is converted into carbon dioxide and how its energy is harvested as ATP and NADH / FADH2 in one of your body's cells, let’s walk step by step through the four stages of cellular respiration.
Short Answer. 1. What four cell processes do all living cells need energy for? Breaking down food, cell reproduction, synthesizing organic molecules, actively transporting materials in and out of cell. 2. What is ATP and what does it provide? ATP is adenosine triphosphate and it provides energy in a form cells can. use. 3.
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