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Description: Map showing the United States in 1821, listing capitals of states and territories.
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The History of Catholic Education in the United States extends from the early colonial era in Louisiana and Maryland to the parochial school system set up in most parishes in the 19th century, to hundreds of colleges, all down to the present.
- Trade and Colonialism
- Early Colonization
- Imperial Rivalries
- The Gold Rush
- The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Independence
- Bibliography
Portugal attempted to establish colonies in Africa, but the defeat of a Portuguese army in Tangier, Morocco, in 1436 led the kingdom increasingly to concentrate on sea explorations in search of an alternate route to Asia that would bypass the Venetian-controlled trade routes in the Mediterranean. The Portuguese subsequently established a number of ...
João III ushered in the era of Portuguese colonization in Brazil in 1533 with the donatory captaincies. Under this unique system, the monarchy divided Brazil into fifteen zones, or captaincies (these were royal gifts, known as donatarios, granted to various courtiers and royal favorites). Each grant extended about 241 kilometers (150 miles) in leng...
Growing profits from sugar cultivation led to renewed interest in Brazil from the other colonial powers. In 1555 the French established a significant colony in Guanabara Bay. Known as France Antarctique, the colony was destroyed in 1567 by Mem de Sá (d. 1572), Brazil's third governor-general, who founded Rio de Janeiroon the site of the former Fren...
Gold was discovered in the interior in 1693 in the region that, because of its mining, was called Minas Gerais, or the General Mines. This discovery accelerated the transformation of the colony from a coastal settlement to one with significant infrastructure in the interior regions. The discovery also prompted a new wave of settlement by Portuguese...
The British and Portuguese were allies during wars with Holland, and a series of treaties, signed in 1642, 1654, and 1661, granted the British commercial and trade concessions in the Portuguese colonies. In addition, Portugal allied itself with Great Britainduring the European dynastic wars of the early to mid 1700s. In 1807 the French ruler Napolé...
Alden, Dauril, ed. Colonial Roots of Modern Brazil: Papers of the Newberry Library Conference. Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress, 1973. Boxer, C. R. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415–1825. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963. Hemming, John. Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UniversityPress,...
The movement for Latin American independence sparked great outside interest in the region, and this curiosity fostered both foreign travel and writing. It was often through such accounts that people in the United States and Europe learned about South America.
Map showing the United States in 1850, listing states' date of admission to the Union.
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The Oliveira Lima Library is a collection of books, manuscripts, pamphlets, maps, photographs, and works of art that is dedicated to the history and culture of Portugal and Brazil. The original collection of 40,000 volumes was the personal library of the Brazilian diplomat, historian, and journalist Manoel de Oliveira Lima (1867–1928).
