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The Qing response, successful for a time, was to establish the Canton System in 1756, which restricted maritime trade to that city (present-day Guangzhou) and gave monopoly trading rights to private Chinese merchants.
- Guangdong Province: General Impressions
- Pleistocene Guangdong
- The Yue
- Canton: Historic Maritime Trade Center
- Global Trade with The Arabs and Rome
- Trade with Portugal in The Sixteenth Century
- Matteo Ricci, S.J., in Guangdong
- Qing Dynasty (1644+) and Foreign Trade
- The Opium Trade
- Home of The Taiping Rebellion
Guangdong Province (廣東省 guăngdōng shĕng) has also been known as “Kwangtung.” But especially since the 1800s, it was really its capital city of Guangzhou (廣州市 guăngzhōu shì) or “Canton” that represented “China” to much of the western world. Today, an economic powerhouse and densely populated, Guangdong rose to prominence quite late in the Chinese em...
Of the more celebrated archeological finds after China’s “liberation” in 1949, Guangdong-based investigators uncovered “Maba Man” (馬壩猿人 măbà yuánrén), based upon a humanoid skull that dates back to about 130,000 BCE (Guldin 1994). The original site is located in Shiziyan (狮子岩 shīziyán), Maba town, Shaoguan City, Qujiang District (曲江區馬壩鎮 qūjiāng qū,...
While the Yue can describe a number of peoples populating regions from Guangxi in the south to Zhejiang in the north, the Guangdong-North Vietnam area was collectively named the “Southern Yue (南越 nányuè).” The general description of the Southern Yue peoples and their customary ways are described in the Huainanzi (淮南子 huáinánzi), an ancient text tha...
The first major international mercantile zone in China was Guangzhou City (Canton), the main port of call for not only European but Indian, Persian, and Arabian commerce. As early as the Zhou (beginning early twelfth century BCE), historical documents listed eight different foreign countries were trading with China, all employing Canton as a mercan...
The old histories also tell us about the first trade with Arabic peoples by way of southern China: In dealing with peoples from the Roman Empire, called Daqin (大秦 dàqín) by the Chinese, China at least knew of the Roman province of Syria, and that its capital was Antioch (安都 āndū). The Weishu (魏書 wèishū), a chronicle of fourth−sixth century China, p...
During the reign of Zheng De (正德 zhèng dé; 1505–1521), foreigners from the west, called Fahlanki (Franks), who said they had tribute, abruptly entered the Bogue (on the Canton River), and by their tremendously loud guns, shook the place near and far. — Chong Su See, The Foreign Trade of China (See 1919). Tracing Portugal’s initial excursions to sou...
Not typical “foreign devils,” the Catholic Jesuit missionaries Michele Ruggieri and Matteo Ricci gained permission from the local Chinese magistrate to start up their mission in Zhaoqing (肇慶; “Shiuhing”), 110 kilometers west of Canton (Guangzhou). At this time, a western observer estimated Zhaoqing to have some 50,000 households, or three times the...
During the Qing dynasty, the Kangxi emperor, in 1685, allowed foreigners access to Chinese ports, and later (1733) the Yongzheng emperor wanted Macao (Macau) to be the exclusive sole point of foreign trade entry. But he died in 1735 before his plans could be fully enacted. In order to assert more control over the barbarians, and also as a means to ...
Largely confined at this time to the Taiwan Strait and Guangdong, the smoking of opium in China (mixed with tobacco, called madak)had continued despite a 1729 edict prohibiting this practice by the Yongzheng Emperor. As related by a later account in the 1820s: Infamously, much of the trade conducted by the west to China in the nineteenth century in...
A memorial from the eighteenth century described Guangdong province in this way: Born (1814) into this environment, Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全 Hóng Xiùquán), a Hakka, and his family lived in Guanlubu Village (官禄布村 guānlùbù cūn), in modern-day Huadu District (花都區 huādū qū). Then a relatively new county, it was populated by about 14,000 people. Based on a fev...
- Eric Croddy
Apr 7, 2022 · The conquest of Ming by the Qing Empire, despite the preservation of Ming-era political institutions, fundamentally transformed China into an ethnocultural and geographic component of the Qing imperial hierarchies (MacKay, 2019).
The transformation from the open sea policies of the early Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) to the rise of the Guangzhou System was a process that took many years. It began with the capture of Taiwan from the Zheng family regime in 1683 and the opening of multiple Chinese ports to trade in 1684.
Abstract. Guangzhou is a unique city in China with regard to its special role throughout modern history, beginning from the Qing Dynasty. Its uniqueness resides in the way it has engaged with the outside world in a pendulum movement from passive to active en-gagement.
Apr 15, 2021 · During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it has become a world famous trading harbor with countries in the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. To strengthen the foreign trade, China's earliest customs was set up there. It grew rapidly and became the largest commercial city and treaty port in China.
5 days ago · Guangzhou next came under the rule of the Qing (Manchu) dynasty (1644–1911/12). Recognizing the importance of the city, in 1746 the government made it the capital of the Viceroyalty of Guangdong and Guangxi.
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