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Apr 11, 2016 · The Twelve Tables were designed to resolve disputes between members of the Roman aristocracy but they did also benefit the ordinary people (plebeians) in that they could now refer to written laws and reduce the undue influence of aristocrats (patricians) and priests (pontifices).
- Mark Cartwright
The Laws of the Twelve Tables (Latin: lex duodecim tabularum) was the legislation that stood at the foundation of Roman law. Formally promulgated in 449 BC, the Tables consolidated earlier traditions into an enduring set of laws.
- Daniel Kershaw
- Normal Court Procedure. In order to standardize the way that cases were heard and conducted, the first of the Tables covered court procedure. This revolved around the way that a plaintiff and defendant were supposed to conduct themselves, as well the options for different circumstances and situations, including when age or illness prevented somebody from turning up to trial.
- Further Court Proceedings and Financial Recommendations. Following on from the first Table, Table II further delineated aspects of court procedure, as well as outlining how much money should be spent on different types of trials.
- Sentences and Judgments. Having established the proper procedure and order of events, the third Table then outlined the usual sentences and execution of judgments.
- The Rights of Patriarchs. The next Table then covered the specific rights of patriarchs within their family network or familia. It mainly covers various conditions of inheritance – for example, that sons will be the inheritors of their father’s estate.
- This table sets out the procedure for a civil suit at Rome. Anyone may summon another to court, but there are rules governing the behaviour of both the plantiff (the man bringing the suit) and the defendant.
- He whose witness has failed to appear may summon him by loud calls before his house every third day.
- One who has confessed a debt, or against whom judgment has been pronounced, shall have thirty days to pay it in. After that forcible seizure of his person is allowed.
- A dreadfully deformed child shall be quickly killed. If a father sell his son three times, the son shall be free from his father. As a man has provided in his will in regard to his money and the care of his property, so let it be binding.
Law of the Twelve Tables, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 bc. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners (decemvirs) at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Although not perhaps a fully codified system, the Twelve Tables was a first step which would allow the protection of the rights of all citizens and permit wrongs to be redressed through precisely-worded written laws known to everybody.
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The historical context of the Twelve Tables’ promulgation is related to the Struggle of the Orders 7 (see plebs). According to tradition, a legislated body of law was a vindication the plebs brought forward in order to limit patrician abuse.
