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Despite their differences, animals and plants are interconnected in complex ways. Animals rely on plants for food, oxygen, and shelter, while plants depend on animals for pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling.
In this chapter, we discuss the difference between wild and domesticated plants, focusing on those crops (wheat, barley, lentil, pea, chickpea and flax) that were domesticated in the Near East during the Neolithic period.
There are two main reasons why GM might be preferable. Firstly, the gene of interest might not exist in a species that can be successfully crossed with the crop. The gene might come from an entirely different kingdom, such as a bacterium, or it might come from a different plant species.
Aug 8, 2002 · As initially recognized by Darwin 12, and elaborated by Rindos 13, many of the differences between domestic plants and their wild ancestors evolved as consequences of wild plants being...
- Feed Crops. Feed crops, such as oats and alfalfa, are harvestedfor livestockconsumption. These cropscontain nutrientsthat animals need to develop. They are grown in agricultural fields but can also be found in natural meadowsand pastures.
- Fiber Crops. Fibercrops, such as cottonand hemp, are harvestedfor textileand paper products. Textiles, or cloth, are made from the dried and processed fibersof certain plants.
- Oil Crops. Oil crops, such as canola and corn, are harvestedfor consumption or industrialuses. Technologies developed in the past century have enabled cropsto be processed and broken down into their primary components, including oil.
- Ornamental Crops. Ornamental crops, such as dogwood and azalea, are harvestedfor landscapegardening. Ornamental cropsare most often grown in nurseries, where they are purchased for residential or commercialsettings.
Summary. To better understand the term ‘domestication syndrome’ (the group of traits that differentiate wild plants from domesticated crop plants; see Box 16 The domestication syndrome, p. 116), a deeper investigation into the differences between natural habitats, where wild species grow, and cultivated fields is required.
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A key component of this transition was the domestication of wild species into cultivated crops capable of supporting higher population densities (Harlan, 1992; Schwanitz, 1966). Crop domestication from wild species began about 8000 to 10,000 years ago independently in many parts of the world.
