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Betty Friedan (/ ˈfriːdən, friːˈdæn, frɪ -/; [1] February 4, 1921 – February 4, 2006) was an American feminist writer and activist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century.
- Impact
- Early life
- Early career
- Personal life
- Research
- Influence
- Philanthropy
- Criticisms
- Later years
Journalist, activist, and co-founder of the National Organization for Women, Betty Friedan was one of the early leaders of the womens rights movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Her 1963 best-selling book, The Feminine Mystique, gave voice to millions of American womens frustrations with their limited gender roles and helped spark widespread public act...
Bettye Naomi Goldstein was born on February 4, 1921 in Peoria, Illinois, the oldest of three children of Harry Goldstein, a Russian immigrant and jeweler, and Miriam Horowitz Goldstein, a Hungarian immigrant who worked as a journalist until Bettye was born.
A summa cum laude psychology graduate of Smith College in 1942, Friedan spent a year on a graduate fellowship to train as a psychologist at the University of California Berkeley. There, she dropped the e from her name. As World War II raged on, Friedan became involved in a number of political causes. She left the graduate program after a year to mo...
In 1947, Friedan married Carl Friedan, a would-be theater producer and advertising maven. Friedan had three childrenin 1948, 1952, and 1956continuing to work throughout. In 1956, the couple moved from Queens, New York, to suburban Rockland County, where Friedan became a housewife, supplementing her familys income with freelance writing for womens m...
Friedan also began the research for what would become The Feminine Mystique in the late 1950s. After conducting a survey of her Smith classmates at a 15-year reunion, Friedan found that most were, as she was, dissatisfied with the limited world of suburban housewives. She spent five years conducting interviews with women across the country, chartin...
Published in 1963, The Feminine Mystique hit a nerve, becoming an instant best-seller that continues to be regarded as one of the most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century. Women everywhere voiced a similar malaise from what Friedan dubbed, the problem that has no name. The book helped transform public awareness and brought many women i...
A busy activist throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Friedan helped found the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion Laws in 1969, later renamed National Abortion Rights Action League and more recently NARAL Pro-choice America. She organized the Womens Strike for Equality on August 26, 1970 on the 50th anniversary of womens suffrage, to raise a...
As more diverse voices emerged within the womens movement, Friedan not only struggled to retain her leadership but was criticized by other feminists for focusing on issues facing primarily white, middle-class, educated, heterosexual women. Radical feminists also blasted Friedan for referring to lesbian women in the movement as the lavender menace, ...
Friedan nonetheless remained a visible, ardent, and important advocate for womens rights who some dubbed the mother of the modern womens movement. Since the 1970s, she published several books, taught at New York University and the University of Southern California, and lectured widely at womens conferences around the world. Friedan died in 2006 of ...
But I didn’t quite know how to tell a five- and six-year-old that Betty Friedan, who lived right across the street, helped make it possible for them to play soccer and basketball (even on teams that include boys) and to dream of becoming an astronaut or a builder or an artist—careers they have considered.
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Title: [Contact Sheet (Roll 6554): Betty Friedan, Close-Up; Young Man Sitting in front of a Police Barricade on 81st Street [Judy Garland's Funeral]] Artist: Diane Arbus (American, New York 1923–1971 New York)
