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Oct 2, 2024 · Iwate and Fukushima Prefectures were ravaged by the 2011 tsunami that precipitated a catastrophic nuclear disaster. Now, this tragic, beguiling region is welcoming travellers back. Hope spiralled...
- Overview
- The earthquake and tsunami
The magnitude of the earthquake that caused a devastating tsunami in 2011 was 9.0. The earthquake occurred at 2:46 PM on March 11.
Where was the epicenter of the Great Sendai Earthquake?
The 2011 earthquake's epicenter was located some 80 miles (130 km) east of Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, and the focus occurred 18.6 miles (about 30 km) below the floor of the western Pacific Ocean.
What was the death toll of the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan in 2011?
The official total for the number of those confirmed dead or listed as missing from the 2011 disaster was about 18,500. Other estimates gave a final toll of at least 20,000. The great majority of those killed were drowning victims of the tsunami waves.
What effects did the Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011 have?
The magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck at 2:46 pm. (The early estimate of magnitude 8.9 was later revised upward.) The epicentre was located some 80 miles (130 km) east of the city of Sendai, Miyagi prefecture, and the focus occurred at a depth of 18.6 miles (about 30 km) below the floor of the western Pacific Ocean. The earthquake was caused by the rupture of a stretch of the subduction zone associated with the Japan Trench, which separates the Eurasian Plate from the subducting Pacific Plate. (Some geologists argue that this portion of the Eurasian Plate is actually a fragment of the North American Plate called the Okhotsk microplate.) A part of the subduction zone measuring approximately 190 miles (300 km) long by 95 miles (150 km) wide lurched as much as 164 feet (50 metres) to the east-southeast and thrust upward about 33 feet (10 metres). The March 11 temblor was felt as far away as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; Kao-hsiung, Taiwan; and Beijing, China. It was preceded by several foreshocks, including a magnitude-7.2 event centred approximately 25 miles (40 km) away from the epicentre of the main quake. Hundreds of aftershocks, dozens of magnitude 6.0 or greater and two of magnitude 7.0 or greater, followed in the days and weeks after the main quake. (Nearly two years later, on December 7, 2012, a magnitude-7.3 tremor originated from the same plate boundary region. The quake caused no injuries and little damage.) The March 11, 2011, earthquake was the strongest to strike the region since the beginning of record keeping in the late 19th century, and it is considered one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded. It was later reported that a satellite orbiting at the outer edge of Earth’s atmosphere that day had detected infrasonics (very low-frequency sound waves) from the quake.
The sudden horizontal and vertical thrusting of the Pacific Plate, which has been slowly advancing under the Eurasian Plate near Japan, displaced the water above and spawned a series of highly destructive tsunami waves. A wave measuring some 33 feet high inundated the coast and flooded parts of the city of Sendai, including its airport and the surrounding countryside. According to some reports, one wave penetrated some 6 miles (10 km) inland after causing the Natori River, which separates Sendai from the city of Natori to the south, to overflow. Damaging tsunami waves struck the coasts of Iwate prefecture, just north of Miyagi prefecture, and Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Chiba, the prefectures extending along the Pacific coast south of Miyagi. In addition to Sendai, other communities hard-hit by the tsunami included Kamaishi and Miyako in Iwate; Ishinomaki, Kesennuma, and Shiogama in Miyagi; and Kitaibaraki and Hitachinaka in Ibaraki. As the floodwaters retreated back to the sea, they carried with them enormous quantities of debris, as well as thousands of victims caught in the deluge. Large stretches of land were left submerged under seawater, particularly in lower-lying areas.
The earthquake triggered tsunami warnings throughout the Pacific basin. The tsunami raced outward from the epicentre at speeds that approached about 500 miles (800 km) per hour. It generated waves 11 to 12 feet (3.3 to 3.6 metres) high along the coasts of Kauai and Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands chain and 5-foot (1.5-metre) waves along the island of Shemya in the Aleutian Islands chain. Several hours later 9-foot (2.7-metre) tsunami waves struck the coasts of California and Oregon in North America. Finally, some 18 hours after the quake, waves roughly 1 foot (0.3 metre) high reached the coast of Antarctica and caused a portion of the Sulzberger Ice Shelf to break off its outer edge.
Britannica Quiz
Feb 28, 2024 · The earthquake then led to a massive tsunami, causing severe damages all throughout the Tohoku region, both in terms of human loss and economic damage. The final cherry on top of this entire disaster was one specific disaster the tsunami causes: the nuclear meltdown of the Fukushima nuclear plant.
Mar 10, 2021 · On 11 March 2011, Japan's most powerful earthquake on record triggered a tsunami, which then caused a meltdown at a nuclear power plant. The disaster left 18,000 people dead, wiped entire towns...
Apr 23, 2021 · The culmination of the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the 9.0 magnitude earthquake, and the subsequent tsunami resulted in severe economic impacts and a humanitarian crisis in Japan. The tsunami destroyed over 130,000 homes, killed more than 15,000 people, and left thousands more missing.
Feb 13, 2021 · More than 100 people have been injured after a powerful earthquake struck off the coast of Fukushima in Japan. Saturday's 7.3-magnitude quake was felt strongly in Tokyo, but no tsunami warning...
People also ask
How did Fukushima affect Japan?
What happened at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant?
How many people died in the Fukushima tsunami?
Is Fukushima a nuclear disaster?
Did Tokyo quake cause a tsunami?
Did Japan's most powerful earthquake cause a nuclear power plant meltdown?
Mar 13, 2023 · The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, operated by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), lost power due to flooding from the tsunami. That triggered meltdowns in three reactors.
