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1. • Not reliable predictors

     • Comparisons to field conditions indicate that WET tests are not reliable predictors of effects or lack of effects in the receiving environment.
     setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5620190102

     Whole effluent toxicity testingâ usefulness, level of ...

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   Are wet tests reliable predictors of effluent toxicity?

   • Comparisons to field conditions indicate that WET tests are not reliable predictors of effects or lack of effects in the receiving environment. Whole effluent toxicity tests are only the first stage in a risk assessment and as such identify hazard, not risk. Identification of risk requires discarding the concept of independent applicability.

   Whole effluent toxicity testing—usefulness, level of protection, and risk …

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/etc.5620190102

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   Are whole effluent toxicity tests useful?

   • The general status of whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests is assessed relative to their generally accepted purpose of identifying, characterizing, and eliminating toxic effects of effluents on aquatic resources. Although WET tests are useful, they are not perfect tools (no perfect tools exist).

   Whole effluent toxicity testing - Usefulness, level of protection, and

   www.researchgate.net/publication/229457827_Whole_effluent_toxicity_testing_-_Usefulness_level_of_protection_and_risk_assessment

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   Are wet tests useful in identifying toxicity impacts in the environment?

   • Without question, WET tests have been extremely useful tools for identifying toxicity impacts in the environment . As noted by Mount , WET testing arguably led to the identification of organophosphate insecticides, surfactants, and treatment polymers in treated effluent.

   Whole effluent toxicity testing—usefulness, level of protection, and risk …

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/etc.5620190102

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   Is effluent toxicity testing mandatory?

   • Effluent toxicity testing of wastewater discharges is mandatory in many countries, although test requirements vary with respect to species/taxonomic groups used and duration of the test (i.e., acute or chronic).

   An International Perspective on the Tools and Concepts for ... - setac

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/etc.4259

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   Can biological tests detect toxicity in effluents?

   • Although biological testing of effluents is a powerful tool, the tests are limited in their ability to detect the types of effects that can be measured in the toxicity test procedure.

   An International Perspective on the Tools and Concepts for ... - setac

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/etc.4259

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   Are wet tests underprotective?

   • Sarakinos and Rasmussen decoupled effluent toxicity effects from other habitat variables and found that laboratory-derived toxicity thresholds (3.6% effluent) were higher than response thresholds observed in the field (≤2% effluent). In other words, the WET tests were underprotective by a factor of two or more.

   Whole effluent toxicity testing—usefulness, level of protection, and risk …

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/etc.5620190102

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3. setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › fullWhole effluent toxicity testing—usefulness, level of protection,...

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › full

   Nov 2, 2009 · Comparisons to field conditions indicate that WET tests are not reliable predictors of effects or lack of effects in the receiving environment. Whole effluent toxicity tests are only the first stage in a risk assessment and as such identify hazard, not risk.

   • Author: Peter M. Chapman
   • Cited By: 139

   • Publish Year: 2000
   • Published: 02 November 2009

4. setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › fullAn International Perspective on the Tools and Concepts for ...

   setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com › doi › full

   Oct 25, 2018 · Key components that need to be accounted for in a weight-of-evidence approach for effluent assessment include whole effluent toxicity (WET)/whole effluent assessment (WEA), chemical monitoring of effluent, and testing of receiving environment, paired with ecological monitoring.

   • Author: Teresa J. Norberg-King, Michelle R. Embry, Scott E. Belanger, Thomas Braunbeck, Joshua D. Butler, Ph...
   • Cited By: 35

   • Publish Year: 2018
   • Published: 25 October 2018

5. pubs.acs.org › doi › 10Alternatives to Fish Acute Whole Effluent Toxicity (WET ...

   pubs.acs.org › doi › 10

   Sep 6, 2023 · The goal of our study was to test the accuracy of RTgill-W1 cells and the fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas) embryos to predict actual whole effluent toxicity (WET) in the fathead minnow larvae. The three models were compared concurrently using samples of various origins and treatment types.

6. www.setac.org › static › 152e3840-36a4-4f88-a9365ba1Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing - SETAC

   www.setac.org › static › 152e3840-36a4-4f88-a9365ba1

   WET testing is capable of assessing the combined toxic ef-fects of all constituents of an effluent, known or unknown. By bringing together information from all constituents, a clearer picture can be developed of the overall potential ef-fects of a wastewater discharge on the aquatic environment.

7. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesAn International Perspective on the Tools and Concepts for ...

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   Ability of in vitro tests to relate or predict acute and chronic toxicity test results: Many traditional WET tests involve acute or chronic exposures that differ methodologically from those used to assess chemicals.

   • Author: Teresa J. Norberg-King, Michelle R. Embry, Scott E. Belanger, Thomas Braunbeck, Joshua D. Butler, Ph...
   • DOI: 10.1002/etc.4259

   • Publish Year: 2018
   • Published: 2018/11

8. cdn.ymaws.com › tip-wetWhole Effluent Toxicity Testing - cdn.ymaws.com

   cdn.ymaws.com › tip-wet

   This type of test can be used to evaluate the toxicity of effluents, storm water, or ambient surface waters. WET testing is used to assess and regulate the combined ef-fects of all constituents of a complex effluent rather than the conventional methods of controlling the toxicity of single chemicals or constituents.

9. www.researchgate.net › publication › 229457827_WholeWhole effluent toxicity testing - Usefulness, level of ...

   www.researchgate.net › publication › 229457827_Whole

   Jan 1, 2000 · The general status of whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests is assessed relative to their generally accepted purpose of identifying, characterizing, and eliminating toxic effects of effluents...