Search results
Apr 25, 2017 · Lana Del Rey Instagram. KT Tunstall's unmistakable brand of indie-pop doesn't have much in common with Ella's iconic jazz sounds, but Ella was still a huge influence on KT in her younger years....
Apr 3, 2021 · Here is a list of famous female performers who have been directly influenced by Tina: 1. Beyoncé. Beyoncé is, without a doubt, the female performer who has been most heavily influenced by Tina...
- Buzzfeed Contributor
H.E.R. on Her Rise, Her Influences and Her Future. The rising alt-R&B star on the blues, defying industry stereotypes, and meeting a fan who got pregnant to her music. By Brian Hiatt.
- Overview
- Where Are All the Women in Psychology History?
- Anna Freud
- Mary Whiton Calkins
- Mary Ainsworth
- Leta Stetter Hollingworth
- Karen Horney
- Melanie Klein
- Mamie Phipps Clark
- Christine Ladd-Franklin
Trending Videos
Psychology has long placed an emphasis on the contributions of male psychologists such as Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, and John B. Watson. The important contributions of female psychologists are often overlooked. There were many women in psychology, however, who made critical contributions and helped shape the development of the psychology field.
The dominance of male thinkers on lists of important pioneers in early psychology certainly makes it seem as if they were all men, but the reality is that women have been contributing to psychology since its earliest days. Estimates suggest that in the early 1900s, roughly 12% of psychologists in the United States were women.
Several of these pioneering women psychologists faced considerable discrimination, obstacles, and difficulties. Many were not allowed to study with men, denied degrees they had rightfully earned, or found it difficult to secure academic positions that would allow them to research and publish.
Women have made many important and groundbreaking contributions to the field of psychology, often despite facing considerable discrimination due to their sex.
These women deserve to be recognized for their pioneering work. The following are just a few of the women who helped shape psychology.
When most people hear "Freud," Sigmund is probably the first name that comes to mind. However, the famous psychoanalyst's daughter Anna Freud was a well-known and influential psychologist in her own right.
Anna Freud not only expanded upon her father's ideas, but she also influenced other thinkers such as Erik Erikson. Among her many accomplishments were introducing the concept of defense mechanisms and expanding interest in the field of child psychology.
Mary Whiton Calkins studied at Harvard with some of the most eminent thinkers of the time, including William James and Hugo Münsterberg, despite never being given approval for formal admission. She completed all of the requirements for a doctorate, but Harvard refused to grant her a degree on the grounds that she was a woman.
Regardless, Calkins went on to become the first female president of the American Psychological Association (APA). During her career, she wrote over a hundred professional papers on psychology topics, developed the paired-association technique, and became known for her work in the area of self-psychology.
Mary Ainsworth was an important developmental psychologist. Her work demonstrated the importance of healthy childhood attachments, and she pioneered the use of a technique known as the "Strange Situation" assessment.
In her research on mother-child attachments and interactions, Ainsworth had a mother and a child sit in an unfamiliar room. Researchers would then observe the child's reactions to various situations, including a stranger entering the room, being left alone with the stranger, and the mother's return to the room.
Leta Stetter Hollingworth was an early pioneer of psychology in the United States. She studied with Edward Thorndike and made a name for herself for her research on intelligence and gifted children. Another of Hollingworth's important contributions was her research on the psychology of women.
The prevailing opinion at the time was that women were both intellectually inferior to men and essentially semi-invalid when they were menstruating. Hollingworth challenged these assumptions, and her research demonstrated that women were as intelligent and capable as men were, no matter what time of the month it was.
Karen Horney was an influential neo-Freudian psychologist known for her take on feminine psychology. When Sigmund Freud famously proposed that women experience "penis envy," Horney countered that men suffer from "womb envy" and that all of their actions are driven by a need to overcompensate for the fact that they cannot bear children.
Her outspoken refutation of Freud's ideas helped draw greater attention to the psychology of women. Her theory of neurotic needs and belief that people were capable of taking a personal role in their own mental health were among her many contributions to the field of psychology.
Psychoanalyst Melanie Klein played a pivotal role in developing play therapy, a technique commonly used to help children express their feelings and experiences in a natural and helpful way. Through her work with children, Klein observed that children often utilize play as one of their primary means of communication.
Since young children aren't capable of some of the more commonly used Freudian techniques such as free association, Klein utilized play therapy to investigate children's unconscious feelings, anxieties, and experiences. Her work led to a major disagreement with Anna Freud, who believed that younger children could not be psychoanalyzed.
In textbooks, Mamie Phipps Clark is often only mentioned in passing. Yet, she made many important contributions to psychology, including the development of the Clark Doll Test, her research on race, and her role in the famous 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education case.
Clark became the first Black woman to earn a degree from Columbia University. Despite considerable prejudice based on both her race and her sex, she went on to become an influential psychologist. Her research on racial identity and self-esteem helped pave the way for future research on self-concept among minorities.
Christine Ladd-Franklin's role as a female leader in psychology began early in life, as both her mother and aunt were staunch supporters of women's rights. This early influence not only helped her succeed in her field despite considerable opposition, but it also inspired her later work advocating for women's rights in academia.
Ladd-Franklin challenged one of the leading male psychologists of the day, Edward Titchener, for not allowing women into his group of experimentalists. She studied at Johns Hopkins University and completed a dissertation titled "The Algebra of Logic". However, the school did not permit women to receive a Ph.D. at that time.
Ladd-Franklin went on to spend time in Germany studying color vision with Hermann von Helmholtz and Arthur Konig. She eventually rejected Helmholtz's theory of color vision to develop her own.
Finally, in 1926, nearly 44 years after completing her dissertation, Johns Hopkins awarded Ladd-Franklin the doctorate degree she had rightfully earned. Today, she is remembered for both her work in psychology and her influence as a pioneering woman in a field once dominated by men.
May 4, 2024 · Taylor Swift credited the American rock band Fall Out Boy as one of her biggest inspirations in composing lyrics. She also collaborated with the band for the 2023 re-release of her album Speak...
Taylor Swift’s influence on the music industry is undeniable. She has been a major force in shaping the industry and a catalyst for change in many areas. Her power and influence can be seen in her dealings with her former label, Big Machine Label Group, and its founder, Scott Borchetta.
People also ask
Who influenced Taylor Swift?
How did Taylor Swift influence the music industry?
Who is most influenced by Tina & Beyoncé?
How did Anna Freud influence other thinkers?
Mar 6, 2023 · Relating the admirable traits of those who inspire you towards your career goals is an excellent way to show interviewers you understand why they ask this type of question. A good way to answer is to connect your role models' values directly to aspects of the job you're applying for.
