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Professional space traveler
- A professional space traveler is called an astronaut.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronaut
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Apr 17, 2024 · Quick Facts. The first class of NASA astronauts was selected in 1959. They are known as the Mercury 7. Since inception, NASA has selected 360 astronaut candidates: 299 men, 61 women; 212 military, 138 civilians; 191 pilots, 159 non-pilots. When Expedition 1 arrived at the International Space Station on Nov. 2, 2000, there has been a continuous ...
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astronaut, designation, derived from the Greek words for “star” and “sailor,” commonly applied to an individual who has flown in outer space. More specifically, in the West, astronaut refers to those from the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan who travel into space. Those Soviet and later Russian individuals who travel into space are known as...
As of 2022, 587 individuals from 41 countries had gone into orbit; 518 of these space fliers were men, and 69 were women. The longest time spent in space on one mission is the 438 days spent aboard the Russian space station Mir by cosmonaut Valery Polyakov in 1994–95. The longest individual cumulative time is the 878 days spent by cosmonaut Gennady Padalka on one mission to Mir and four missions to the International Space Station. Two U.S. astronauts, Franklin Chang-Díaz and Jerry Ross, made seven spaceflights, the most by any single individual. The youngest person to go into space was Oliver Daemen, who was 18 when he flew on the first flight of Blue Origin’s suborbital spacecraft New Shepard in 2021. The oldest astronaut was William Shatner, who was 90 when he flew on the second New Shepard flight in 2021.
Twenty-one space fliers—4 Russian cosmonauts and 17 American astronauts—have died during spaceflight activities. In January 1967 a three-man crew perished during a ground test of the first Apollo spacecraft; in April 1967 and June 1971, first one and then three cosmonauts died during reentry of their Soyuz vehicles; in January 1986 an entire seven-member crew died when the U.S. space shuttle Challenger exploded shortly after launch; and in February 2003 seven more astronauts were lost when the shuttle Columbia broke up on reentry.
The first seven U.S. astronauts were chosen for Project Mercury in April 1959. They were selected from some 500 candidates, all members of the U.S. military. Each candidate was required to have experience as a pilot of high-performance jet aircraft and, because of the cramped conditions inside the Mercury spacecraft, to be no more than 5 feet 11 inches (180 cm) tall and weigh no more than 180 pounds (82 kg). These astronauts were U.S. Air Force Captains L. Gordon Cooper, Jr., Virgil (“Gus”) Grissom, and Donald (“Deke”) Slayton; Marine Lieutenant Colonel John H. Glenn, Jr.; and Navy Lieutenant M. Scott Carpenter and Lieutenant Commanders Walter M. Schirra, Jr., and Alan B. Shepard, Jr. On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard made a brief suborbital flight, becoming the first U.S. astronaut to go into space. John Glenn became the first American in orbit with his February 20, 1962, three-orbit flight.
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The Soviet Union selected 20 air force pilots from 102 candidates for cosmonaut training in February 1960. These individuals also had to meet restrictions on height (170 cm, or 5 feet 7 inches) and weight (70 kg, or 154 pounds) because of the small size of the Soviet Vostok spacecraft. The identity of these individuals was kept secret until they were actually launched into space. Most of the cosmonaut candidates were between 25 and 30 years old and thus did not have the extensive test pilot experience of their U.S. counterparts. One of these 20 young men, Yuri Gagarin, became the first human in space with his April 12, 1961, one-orbit flight.
An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek ἄστρον ( astron ), meaning 'star', and ναύτης ( nautes ), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft.
Oct 17, 2023 · Astronauts listed (unless otherwise noted) are individuals who participated in the United States astronaut program. Additionally, the payload specialist is a professional in the physical or life sciences or a technician skilled in specific equipment or experimentation that will fly.
Oct 14, 2020 · What does it take to become an astronaut? Here’s what NASA says. NASA’s astronaut selection manager Anne Roemer stands with the most recent class of astronaut candidates selected in 2017 from...
Mar 4, 2020 · Today, to be considered for an astronaut position, applicants must meet the following qualifications: Be a U.S. citizen. Possess a master’s degree* in a STEM field, including engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science or mathematics, from an accredited institution.
Nov 4, 2015 · NASA astronaut Mike Hopkins. Image credit: NASA. What does it take to be a NASA astronaut, and how can set yourself on the right trajectory while you're still in school? Here's everything you need to know so you'll be ready to apply when the next opportunity rolls around.
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