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Napoleon did not touch serfdom in Russia. In 1820, 20% of all serfs were mortgaged to state credit institutions by their owners. This was increased to 66% in 1859. [19] To discuss the peasant question, Nicholas I successively created 9 secret committees, issued about 100 decrees aimed at mitigating serfdom, but did not affect its foundations ...
- Why Was It Necessary to End Serfdom?
- Alexander II’s Role
- Betrayal of The Peasants?
- The Significance of Emancipation
- Issues to Debate
In a number of respects serfdom was not dissimilar to the feudalism that had operated in many parts of pre-modern Europe. However, long before the 19th century, the feudal system had been abandoned in western Europe as it moved into the commercial and industrial age. Imperial Russia underwent no such transition. It remained economically and sociall...
By an odd twist of fate, defeat in the war proved of value to the new Tsar. Although he had been trained for government from an early age, foreign observers had remarked on how diffident and unsure he appeared. The war changed all that. Coming to the throne in 1855 in the middle of the conflict, Alexander II was unable to save Russia from military ...
Impressive though these freedoms first looked, it soon became apparent that they had come at a heavy price for the peasants. It was not they, but the landlords, who were the beneficiaries. This should not surprise us: after, it had been the dvoriane who had drafted the emancipation proposals. The compensation that the landowners received was far in...
Emancipation proved the first in a series of measures that Alexander produced as a part of a programme that included legal and administrative reform and the extension of press and university freedoms. But behind all these reforms lay an ulterior motive. Alexander II was not being liberal for its own sake. According to official records kept by the M...
To what extent did defeat in the Crimean War provide Alexander II with an ideal opportunity to introduce major reforms? In what ways were the Russian peasants better off because of Emancipation, in what ways worse off? Do you accept the view that the Emancipation of the Serfs was symptomatic of the unwillingness of the tsarist system to embrace muc...
May 6, 2010 · The emancipation of the serfs in Russia (1861) is perhaps the most defining moment in Russian history, with its impact being seen many years after the event itself. Lenin saw the emancipation of the serfs as a precursor to the revolution of 1905, which itself he saw as a dress rehearsal for 1917. Thus we see the profound impact of the decision ...
- (University of Essex)
In the mid-19th century, approximately twenty-three million serfs, nearly half of Russia’s population, lived in bondage, their lives dictated by the whims of their aristocratic landowners. This institution of serfdom, which had existed in various forms since the 16th century, was deeply ingrained in Russian society.
Mar 2, 2015 · Grain was the main commodity produced in the Russian empire in the 19th century. Our results indicate that the abolition of serfdom caused a 10% increase in grain productivity. This is a large effect comparable to 40 years of aggregate development; grain productivity, on average, was increasing by 2.5% per decade in the 19th century Russia.
- Andrei Markevich
Apr 17, 2017 · During the 18th century, serfdom survived and even intensified in Russia. For instance, during the reign of Emperor Peter the Great (1682-1725), the practice of selling peasants or providing them ...
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During serfdom, Russia’s serfs were the property of the gentry, who had formal usage and transfer rights over them. The abolition of serfdom, triggered by the exog-enous shock of Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War (1853–1856), involved two dis-tinct stages: (i) the emancipation of serfs, which instantaneously granted personal
