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I = I 0 ⋅ cos2(θ)
- Malus' Law tells us that if you have a polarized wave (of intensity I 0) passing through a polarizer the emerging intensity (I) will be proportional to the cosine squared of the angle between the polarizing direction of the incoming wave and the axis of the polarizer. Or: I = I 0 ⋅ cos2(θ)
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If an electromagnetic wave is linearly polarized, the intensity of the light that goes through a polaroid is proportional to the square of the cosine of the angle between the polarization plane and the axis of the polaroid (Malus'law).
Dec 21, 2014 · You could use Malus' Law. Malus' Law tells us that if you have a polarized wave (of intensity I_0) passing through a polarizer the emerging intensity ( I ) will be proportional to the cosine squared of the angle between the polarizing direction of the incoming wave and the axis of the polarizer.
When the unpolarized light passes through the first filter, the intensity is cut in half and comes out polarized at \(0^o\). Then it passes through three successive filters, and applying Malus’s law for each \(30^o\) change of polarization angle brings in a factor of 0.75 for each polaroid.
Feb 20, 2022 · Since the intensity of a wave is proportional to its amplitude squared, the intensity \(I\) of the transmitted wave is related to the incident wave by \[I = I_{0}\cos{\theta}^{2}, \label{27.9.1}\] where \(I_{0}\) is the intensity of the polarized wave before passing through the filter.
- Malus’s Law. Light is one type of electromagnetic (EM) wave. EM waves are transverse waves consisting of varying electric and magnetic fields that oscillate perpendicular to the direction of propagation (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)).
- Polarization by Reflection. By now, you can probably guess that polarizing sunglasses cut the glare in reflected light, because that light is polarized.
- Atomic Explanation of Polarizing Filters. Polarizing filters have a polarization axis that acts as a slit. This slit passes EM waves (often visible light) that have an electric field parallel to the axis.
- Polarization by Scattering. If you hold your polarizing sunglasses in front of you and rotate them while looking at blue sky, you will see the sky get bright and dim.
When polarized light of intensity I 0 is incident on a polarizer, the transmitted intensity is given by I = I 0 cos 2 θ, where θ is the angle between the polarization direction of the incident light and the axis of the filter. The transmitted light is polarized along the axis of the polarizer.
The energy which passes through the polaroid, i.e., the intensity of the light, is proportional to the square of $\cos\theta$. $\operatorname{Cos}^2\theta$, then, is the intensity transmitted when the light enters polarized at an angle $\theta$ to the pass direction.
