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Symptoms. Causes. Diagnosis. Treatment. Complications. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of cancer that develops in the lymphatic system, a network of vessels and glands spread throughout your body. The lymphatic system is part of your immune system.
- Overview
- What type of lymphoma does Sam Neill have?
- What are the symptoms of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL)?
- What causes AITL?
- Who is at risk for AITL?
- What is the first-line treatment for AITL?
- Takeaway
•Actor Sam Neill is battling stage 3 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and the experimental anticancer drug he is on will eventually stop working.
•Symptoms of AITL include fever, weight loss, fatigue and enlarged lymph nodes.
•AITL is caused by mutations in genes which lead to the development of cancer. It is most commonly seen in men over 60.
•Chemotherapy is the most common treatment for AITL.
Actor Sam Neill has opened up about being diagnosed with a rare and often aggressive form of T-cell lymphoma.
Neill’s cancer is currently in remission with the help of an experimental drug. Neill opted for the drug after the cancer failed to respond to chemotherapy treatment.
Sam Neill has stage 3 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), which is a common type of T-cell lymphoma, but only comprises 1–2% of non-Hodgkins lymphomas, according to the Lymphoma Research Foundation.
“Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare type of cancer that affects a type of white blood cells called T-cells and is considered a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma,” Dr. Sara Taveras Alam, an oncologist with UTHealth Houston and Memorial Hermann, told Healthline.
“90% of patients present with an advanced stage and prognosis is generally poor with a 63% survival rate at 5 years at best. AITL is sensitive to chemotherapy and occasionally can be cured with a stem cell transplant.”
Most patients present with advanced-stage disease involving multiple lymph nodes and often the spleen and bone marrow.
According to Alam, symptoms of AITL can include:
•fever
•weight loss
•fatigue
•night drenching sweats
•itching (pruritus) or rash
The causes of AITL are not well understood, but certain chronic conditions may play a role in the development of the disease. Thse include:
•Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection
•certain genetic mutations
•immune disorders
“AITL is caused by mutations in genes which lead to the development of cancer,” Foss explained.
“In the case of AITL, there are specific genes, called epigenetic regulatory genes, which are mutated and give rise to the disease. Recent studies using DNA sequencing have shown these mutations.”
Most cases of AITL are diagnosed in older males over 60, but the specific risk factors are not fully understood.
“The risk factors for most T-cell lymphomas are unknown,” said Foss. “What is known is that underlying autoimmune conditions or immunodeficiency syndromes, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, and reactivation of viruses such as the EBV virus can be associated with T-cell lymphomas.”
Chemotherapy is the most common treatment option for AITL.
One regimen called CHOP (cyclophosphamide doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) is a combination of chemotherapy drugs commonly utilized for this disease, Alam stated.
Another option is CHOEP, with the addition of etoposide.
Corticosteroids like prednisone help reduce inflammation, manage symptoms and may also kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy agents can be combined with a targeted therapy called brentuximab if a person has a certain gene marker on lymphoma cells, Alam added.
A stem cell transplant after high-dose chemotherapy may also be considered to increase the chance of cure.
Actor Sam Neill opened up about living with stage three angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and the experimental anticancer drug he is on.
Fever, weight loss, fatigue and enlarged lymph nodes are several symptoms associated with AITL.
This type of lymphoma is caused by gene mutations. Most diagnoses are men over 60.
Chemotherapy is the most common course of treatment for AITL.
- Kaitlin Vogel
How we can help. Get information about specific cancer types. Answer a few quick questions to get customised content and support for you. Get your personal guide. What is advanced cancer? What does advanced cancer mean? Advanced cancer is cancer that has spread or come back. It is usually used to describe cancer that cannot be cured.
Find out about lymphoma cancer. Explore helpful information on the causes, staging and treatment for lymphoma. Lymphoma is cancer of the lymphatic system.
Common blood cancer treatments include: chemotherapy. targeted therapies. immunotherapy. radiotherapy. stem cell transplants. If you have a slow-growing blood cancer, you may not need treatment straight away, and some people never need it. This is called being on watch and wait. Blood cancer treatments can have side effects.
How we can help. What are the signs and symptoms of cancer? Spotting cancer symptoms earlier can help get a diagnosis when the cancer is at an early stage. For most cancers, this means treatment is more likely to be successful. Different types of cancer have different symptoms.
May 24, 2024 · Metastatic multiple myeloma is a form of cancer of the bone marrow that has spread to other parts of the body. Common sites of metastasis include the skin, muscles, and lymph nodes.
