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In children, the two most common types of hypothyroidism are congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Congenital Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is a condition that results from an under-active thyroid that does not produce enough thyroid hormone. ‘Congenital’ means that this condition is present at birth.
- Children and thyroid disorders
Thyroid disorders are rare in children and newborn babies...
- Children and thyroid disorders
- What Is Congenital Hypothyroidism?
- What Is The Thyroid Gland and What Does It do?
- What Causes Congenital Hypothyroidism and Is It Inherited?
- How Common Is Congenital Hypothyroidism?
- What Are The Symptoms of Congenital Hypothyroidism?
- Why Are Babies Screened For Hypothyroidism?
- How Are Babies Screened For Hypothyroidism?
- What Is The Treatment For Congenital Hypothyroidism?
- Are There Any Side Effects of Treatment?
- What About The Longer term?
Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) is a condition resulting from an absent or under-developed thyroid gland (dysgenesis) or one that has developed but cannot make thyroid hormone because of a ‘production line’ problem (dyshormonogenesis). Babies with CHT cannot produce enough thyroid hormone for the body’s needs. The term ‘congenital’ means that the c...
The thyroid gland is situated in the lower part of the neck, just below the Adam’s apple. It produces thyroid hormone. This is mainly thyroxine (T4) with a small (10%) amount of tri-iodothyronine (T3). Thyroid hormone is essential for brain development in infancy and normal growth in childhood and adolescence.
Thyroid gland development in a baby begins very early in pregnancy. The gland begins to form at the back of the tongue and moves to its normal position in the lower neck by eight weeks. In some babies the gland does not develop properly and/or may not move to the normal position. This form of CHT is called dysgenesis and a gland that is in the wron...
One child in every 2000-3000 is born with CHT in the UK. Dysgenesis is more common in girls than in boys but in dyshormonogenesis boys and girls are equally affected.
Most babies born with CHT look entirely normal and have no obvious symptoms. That is why it is so important that all children are tested at birth. CHT is often diagnosed before the baby shows any definite signs of the condition. Some babies with hypothyroidism are sleepy and difficult to feed although lots of babies have these symptoms without bein...
Untreated, CHT can result in impaired brain development. In the past, babies with hypothyroidism were often not diagnosed until they were several months old and started on treatment late. As a consequence, some had learning difficulties or mild clumsiness. We now know that if thyroid hormone treatment can be started before the baby is about two to ...
All babies have a heel-prick blood test at five days of age to screen for several conditions. One of these conditions is CHT and this is tested for by measuring a hormone called TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). TSH is produced by the brain and is a messenger to tell the thyroid gland to make more thyroid hormone. If the thyroid hormone is low, th...
If your baby tests positive, his or her condition should be managed by a paediatric endocrinologist (a hormone specialist who deals with children) or a paediatrician with a special interest in endocrinology. Treatment with levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone, T4) should be started without delay. The dose is carefully calculated based on factor...
Treatment with levothyroxine simply replaces the thyroxine that the thyroid gland is unable to make. Therefore treatment is putting back what the thyroid is not making enough of. It is very effective and it is usually fairly easy to give the correct dose. If too much levothyroxine is given it may cause symptoms of an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroi...
Your child will usually need to take levothyroxine for life but this should present no great problems as levothyroxine is widely available, is currently free of prescription charges, and needs to be given only once a day. After starting treatment your child should be tested regularly (every few weeks in the first few months of life and every three ...
However, with proper treatment, you should be able to lead a normal, healthy life. If an underactive thyroid is not treated, it can lead to complications, including heart disease , goitre , pregnancy problems and a life-threatening condition called myxoedema coma (although this is very rare).
In many children subclinical hypothyroidism goes away without treatment and thyroid function returns to normal. 2. This is especially true for patient with excess weight that can achieve a 10% or more loss in weight. For this reason, there may not be a benefit to treating subclinical hypothyroidism.
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Nov 15, 2022 · Hypothyroidism is generally non-life threatening with treatment. However, without treatment, myxedema coma (a serious and life-threatening complication of chronic hypothyroidism characterized by severely low thyroid hormone levels in the blood) can result in coma, organ failure, and death.
Diagnosis |. Treatment |. Key Points |. More Information. Hypothyroidism is deficient thyroid hormone production. Symptoms in infants include poor feeding and growth failure; symptoms in older children and adolescents are similar to those of adults but also include growth failure, delayed puberty, or both.
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