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It was established when the French ceded a part of Polish territory to the Russian Empire following France's defeat in the Napoleonic Wars. In 1915, during World War I, it was replaced by the German -controlled nominal Regency Kingdom [c] until Poland regained independence in 1918.
After the Congress of Vienna, Russia had organized its Polish lands as the Congress Poland, granting it a quite liberal constitution, its own army, and limited autonomy within the tsarist empire. In the 1820s, however, Russian rule grew more arbitrary, and secret societies were formed by intellectuals in several cities to plot an insurrection.
The Duchy of Warsaw was replaced in 1815 with a new Kingdom of Poland, unofficially known as Congress Poland. The residual Polish kingdom was joined to the Russian Empire in a personal union under the Russian tsar and it was allowed its own constitution and military.
Article History. Congress Kingdom of Poland. Also called: Congress Poland. Polish: Królestwo Polskie, Królestwo Kongresowe, or Kongresówka. Date: 1815 - 1863. Major Events: Congress of Vienna. January Insurrection. November Insurrection. Key People: Adam Jerzy, Prince Czartoryski. Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Małoszyce, Congress Poland, Russian Empire: Died: July 24, 1969 (aged 64) Vence, France: Occupation: Novelist, dramatist, diarist: Language: Polish: Nationality: Polish: Alma mater: University of Warsaw (MJur, 1927) Notable works: Ferdydurke Trans-Atlantyk Kosmos Pornografia The Marriage: Signature; Website; witoldgombrowicz.com
Mar 9, 2008 · By the end of the nineteenth century, Congress Poland was the most economically developed part of the Russian Empire—a remarkable development, considering the oppressive character of the Russian occupation, especially after the suppression of the Polish insurrection of January 1863.
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Congress Poland ( Polish: Królestwo Polskie, Russian: Царство Польское) was a historical Polish state created in 1815 by decision of Congress of Vienna as personal union with Russia. [2] [3] The first king was Alexander I, who created the university of Warsaw in 1816.
