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What was the first spacecraft to orbit Venus?
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Venera 7 was the first lander overall and first for the Soviet Union, touching down on 15 December 1970. Pioneer Venus 2 contained the first spacecraft to land from the United States, the Day Probe. Soft landing on 9 December 1978.
- Mariner 2 — first successful Venus flyby (1962) Mariner 2 was the first successful mission not only to Venus, but to any other planet. It made a flyby of Venus on Dec.
- Venera 4 — atmosphere probe (1967) Venera 4 was a Soviet Union spacecraft that was the first to successfully transmit information from the atmosphere of Venus.
- Mariner 5 — flyby (1967) Mariner 5 was a NASA spacecraft that made its closest approach to Venus on Oct. 19, 1967. The spacecraft measured magnetic fields on Venus and in interplanetary space, and it examined charged particles, plasma (superheated gas), ultraviolet emissions and the amount by which radio waves are refracted in the atmosphere of Venus.
- Veneras 5 and 6 — atmosphere probes (1969) The Soviet Union's Venera 5 and 6 spacecraft were identical twin machines that each did successful flybys of Venus in 1969.
- Venus Express. The European Space Agency's Venus Express studied the planet's ionosphere and atmosphere, enabling scientists to draw important conclusions about the surface.
- MESSENGER. NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft flew past Venus twice on its way to Mercury.
- Cassini-Huygens. NASA and the European Space Agency's Cassini-Huygens mission visited Venus twice during its long trek out to Saturn.
- Magellan. NASA's Magellan orbiter mapped over 98% of Venus at a resolution of 100 meters or better using its radar.
Nov 9, 2017 · Dozens of spacecraft have launched for Venus, but not all have been successful. NASA's Mariner 2 was the first spacecraft to visit any planet beyond Earth when it flew past Venus on Dec. 14, 1962. NASA will launch two missions to Venus in the next decade, and ESA will launch one.
Target. Venus. Objective. Orbit Venus. NASA's Pioneer Venus 1 was the first of a two-spacecraft orbiter-probe combination designed to study the atmosphere of Venus. It was the first American spacecraft to orbit Venus. The second spacecraft was launched a few months later.
U.S. Mariner 5 spacecraft being prepared for its launch to Venus on June 14, 1967. The probe passed within 4,000 km (2,500 miles) of the planet on Oct. 19, 1967, transmitting data on the Venusian atmosphere and surface to Earth. (more)
Nov 9, 2005 · Launch. Target. Venus. Objective. Venus Express was the first European spacecraft to orbit Venus. The original mission was expected to last no more than 500 Earth days, but the mission was extended five times. An illustration of ESA's Venus Express spacecraft in orbit around Venus. Credit: ESA/D. Ducros. What was Venus Express?
