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The opposite bias, of not attributing feelings or thoughts to another person, is dehumanised perception, a type of objectification. Attentional bias, the tendency of perception to be affected by recurring thoughts. Frequency illusion or Baader–Meinhof phenomenon.
- The Confirmation Bias
- The Hindsight Bias
- The Anchoring Bias
- The Misinformation Effect
- The Actor-Observer Bias
- The False Consensus Effect
- The Halo Effect
- The Self-Serving Bias
- The Availability Heuristic
- The Optimism Bias
The confirmation biasis the tendency to listen more often to information that confirms our existing beliefs. Through this bias, people tend to favor information that reinforces the things they already think or believe. Examples include: 1. Only paying attention to information that confirms your beliefs about issues such as gun control and global wa...
The hindsight biasis a common cognitive bias that involves the tendency to see events, even random ones, as more predictable than they are. It's also commonly referred to as the "I knew it all along" phenomenon. Some examples of the hindsight bias include: 1. Insisting that you knew who was going to win a football game once the event is over 2. Bel...
The anchoring biasis the tendency to be overly influenced by the first piece of information that we hear. Some examples of how this works: 1. The first number voiced during a price negotiation typically becomes the anchoring point from which all further negotiations are based. 2. Hearing a random number can influence estimates on completely unrelat...
The misinformation effect is the tendency for memories to be heavily influenced by things that happened after the actual event itself. A person who witnesses a car accident or crime might believe that their recollection is crystal clear, but researchers have found that memoryis surprisingly susceptible to even very subtle influences. For example: 1...
The actor-observer bias is the tendency to attribute our actions to external influences and other people's actions to internal ones. The way we perceive others and how we attribute their actionshinges on a variety of variables, but it can be heavily influenced by whether we are the actor or the observer in a situation. When it comes to our own acti...
The false consensus effect is the tendency people have to overestimate how much other people agree with their own beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and values. For example: 1. Thinking that other people share your opinion on controversial topics 2. Overestimating the number of people who are similar to you 3. Believing that the majority of people shar...
The halo effectis the tendency for an initial impression of a person to influence what we think of them overall. Also known as the "physical attractiveness stereotype" or the "what is beautiful is 'good' principle" we are either influenced by or use the halo to influence others almost every day. For example: 1. Thinking people who are good-looking ...
The self-serving bias is a tendency for people tend to give themselves credit for successes but lay the blame for failures on outside causes. When you do well on a project, you probably assume that it’s because you worked hard. But when things turn out badly, you are more likely to blame it on circumstances or bad luck. Some examples of this: 1. At...
The availability heuristic is the tendency to estimate the probability of something happening based on how many examples readily come to mind. Some examples of this: 1. After seeing several news reports of car thefts in your neighborhood, you might start to believe that such crimes are more common than they are. 2. You might believe that plane cras...
The optimism biasis a tendency to overestimate the likelihood that good things will happen to us while underestimating the probability that negative events will impact our lives. Essentially, we tend to be too optimistic for our own good. For example, we may assume that negative events won't affect us such as: 1. Divorce 2. Job loss 3. Illness 4. D...
Opposite of intolerance to different opinions or beliefs. Opposite of excessive patriotism, eagerness for national superiority. Opposite of an opinion formed before obtaining adequate evidence, especially as the result of bias or prejudice.
- Confirmation Bias. Confirmation bias is the tendency to interpret new information as confirmation of your preexisting beliefs and opinions while giving disproportionately less consideration to alternative possibilities.
- Hindsight Bias. Hindsight bias refers to the tendency to perceive past events as more predictable than they actually were (Roese & Vohs, 2012). There are cognitive and motivational explanations for why we ascribe so much certainty to knowing the outcome of an event only once the event is completed.
- Self-Serving Bias. Self-serving bias is the tendency to take personal responsibility for positive outcomes and blame external factors for negative outcomes.
- Anchoring Bias. Anchoring bias is closely related to the decision-making process. It occurs when we rely too heavily on either pre-existing information or the first piece of information (the anchor) when making a decision.
Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff. A bias is a tendency, inclination, or prejudice toward or against something or someone. Some biases are positive and helpful—like choosing to...
But what does it mean? And how does it affect the way we understand news and interpret stories, and how they're reported by news sites and accounts? What does bias mean? Bias is having an...
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the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment: The senator has accused the media of bias. Reporters must be impartial and not show political bias. bias against There was clear evidence of a strong bias against her.
