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Leon Battista Alberti’s
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- 1467: Considered the father of modern cryptography, Leon Battista Alberti’s work most clearly explored the use of ciphers incorporating multiple alphabets, known as polyphonic cryptosystems, as the middle age’s strongest form of encryption.
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Claude E. Shannon is considered by many [weasel words] to be the father of mathematical cryptography. Shannon worked for several years at Bell Labs, and during his time there, he produced an article entitled "A mathematical theory of cryptography".
1467: Considered the father of modern cryptography, Leon Battista Alberti’s work most clearly explored the use of ciphers incorporating multiple alphabets, known as polyphonic cryptosystems, as the middle age’s strongest form of encryption.
- Josh Schneider
Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, computer scientist and cryptographer known as the "father of information theory" and as the "father of the Information Age".
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- Cryptography News Since 2002
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c. 1900 BC: Non standard symbols were used in old Egypt.c. 1500 BC: The Phoenicians developed an alphabet.c. 1000 BC: Non standard symbols were used in old Mesopotamia.c. 600 BC: In Palestine texts have been encrypted with the simple monoalphabetic substitution cipher Atbash.855 AD: In the Arabic world the first book on cryptology appeared. Among other things, Abu 'Abd al-Raham al-Khahil ibn Ahmad ibn'Amr ibn Tammam al Farahidi al-Zadi al Yahamadi (Abu-Yusuf Ya'qub ibn...1379: When the pontifex Clement VII escaped to Avignion, he made his secretary Gabrieli di Lavinde (Parma) to develop a new code, which became the nomenclature code, a combination of substituting s...1412: A 14-volume Arabic encyclopaedia also described cryptographic methods. Here, in addition to substitution and transposition, the method of repeated substitution applied to a plaintext characte...15th century: Boom of cryptology in Italy because of highly developed diplomatic life.1518: The first printed book on cryptology titled "Polygraphia libri sex", written by the abbot Johannes Trithemius, appeared in the German-speaking world. He also described polyalphabetic ciphers...1563: Giovanni Battista Portapublished "De Furtivis Literarum Notis", a book describing encryption methods and cryptanalysis. In it the first digraph substitution cipher is mentioned.End of 16th century: France got the lead in cryptanalysis.1577: The brilliant Flemish code breaker Van Marnix wrote European history by decrypting a Spanish letter, which contained the plan, to conquer England by sending Spanish troops from the Netherlands.1917: The decryption of the Zimmermann telegram by the English secret service (room 40) prompted the critical entrance of the US at the side of the allies into World War I.1917: The American, Gilbert S. Vernam, employee of AT&T, discovered and developed the one-time-pad, the only provably secure crypto system.1918: The French cryptanalyst, Lieutenant Georges Painvin broke the ADFGVX cipher, which was put into service by the Germans near the end of World War I. This was a 2-step cipher which first perfor...1918: Arthur Scherbius and Richard Ritter invented the first Enigma. At the same time the rotor cipher machine was invented and patented respectively by Alexander Koch (Netherlands) und Arvid Damm...October 2000: After public competition lasting for 5 years, the algorithm Rijndaelwas chosen by NIST as the successor of DES and is now called AES (Advanced Encryption Standard).From about 2000: Weil Pairing was used for novel commitment schemes like IBE (identity based encryption, which turned out to be more interesting from a theoretical than from a practical point of vi...August 2004: At the Crypto 2004 conference, Chinese researchers showed structural weaknesses in common hash functions (MD5, SHA), which make them vulnerable to practical collision attacks. These ha...May 2005: Jens Franke et al. factorizedthe 663 bit long number RSA-200.The developments in the security sector since July 2002 are reported about in detail on the Secorvo Security Newswebsite (German only).
The developments in the security sector since 1998 are shown in detail in the Crypto-Grams. Crypto-Gram is a free monthly e-mail digest of posts from Bruce Schneier's Schneier on Security blog.
Friedrich L. Bauer: "Decrypted Secrets: Methods and Maxims of Cryptology", 1st edition, 1997, Springer, ISBN-13: 978-3540604181Bengt Beckman: "Codebreakers: Arne Beurling and the Swedish Crypto Program During World War II", 2002, AMS, ISBN 0-8218-2889-4 (Translated from the Swedish by Kjell-Ove Widman. Review by F.L. Bauer...David Kahn: "The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet", edition Rev Sub, 1996, Scribner. ISBN 978-0-684-83130-5Michael Proese: "Chiffriermaschinen und Entzifferungsgeraete im Zweiten Weltkrieg: Technikgeschichte und informatikhistorische Aspekte". Dissertation at the philosophical faculty of Technische Univ...At the website of Tobias Schroedel are short descriptions of new and old crypto books (including ones for kids). Especially the photographs for the old books are well worth seeing. Here is the link to this special collection of "Literature about cryptology and secret writing": https://www.cryptobooks.org
Oct 20, 2024 · The first people to understand clearly the principles of cryptography and to elucidate the beginnings of cryptanalysis were the Arabs. They devised and used both substitution and transposition ciphers and discovered the use of both letter frequency distributions and probable plaintext in cryptanalysis.
Feb 20, 2019 · According to Nicholas McDonald of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Utah: “The earliest known text containing components of cryptography originates in the Egyptian town Menet Khufu on the tomb of nobleman Khnumhotep II nearly 4,000 years ago.”
The era of modern cryptography really begins with Claude Shannon, arguably the father of mathematical cryptography. In 1949 he published the paper Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems in the Bell System Technical Journal and a little later the book, Mathematical Theory of Communication, with Warren Weaver.
