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Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (/ ˈveɪbər /; German: [maks ˈveːbɐ]; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, historian, jurist, and political economist who was one of the central figures in the development of sociology and the social sciences more generally. His ideas continue to influence social theory and research.
- Overview
- Early life and family relationships
- Early career
- The Freiburg address
Max Weber was born on April 21, 1864.
When did Max Weber die?
Max Weber died on June 14, 1920.
What did Max Weber write?
Max Weber wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904–05), Economy and Society (1922), General Economic History (1923), and other works.
Why is Max Weber famous?
Weber was the eldest son of Max and Helene Weber. His father was an aspiring liberal politician who soon joined the more compliant, pro-Bismarckian “National-Liberals” and moved the family from Erfurt to Berlin, where he became a member of the Prussian House of Deputies (1868–97) and the Reichstag (1872–84). The elder Weber established himself as a fixture of the Berlin social milieu and entertained prominent politicians and scholars in the Weber household.
The sociologist’s mother was raised in Calvinist orthodoxy. Though she gradually accepted a more tolerant theology, her Puritan morality never diminished. As a result, her husband’s social activities distanced her from him, especially when he spurned her prolonged grief following the deaths of two of their children. He, in turn, adopted a traditionally authoritarian manner at home and demanded absolute obedience from wife and children. It is thought that this bleak home environment, marked by conflicts between Weber’s parents, contributed to the inner agonies that haunted Weber in his adult life.
Weber left home to enroll at the University of Heidelberg in 1882, interrupting his studies after two years to fulfill his year of military service at Strassburg. During this time he became very close to the family of his mother’s sister, Ida Baumgarten, and to her husband, the historian Hermann Baumgarten, who had a profound influence on Weber’s intellectual development.
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After his release from the military, however, Weber was asked by his father to finish his studies at the University of Berlin so that he could live at home while pursuing scholarship in legal and economic history. This was perhaps because his father considered the Baumgartens’ influence subversive. From 1884 until his marriage in 1893, Weber left the family home only for one semester of study at Göttingen in 1885 and for some brief periods with his military reserve unit.
Weber therefore spent most of his formative academic years in his childhood home, where he was continually subject to his parents’ conflicting interests. Since he spent his mid- and late 20s working simultaneously in two unpaid apprenticeships—as a lawyer’s assistant and as a university assistant—he could not afford to live on his own until the autumn of 1893. At that time he received a temporary position teaching jurisprudence at the University of Berlin and married Marianne Schnitger, a second cousin, who would become his biographer and the editor of his collected works. Marianne Weber was also a distinguished sociologist in her own right and an early figure in the field of feminist sociology.
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After his marriage Weber followed a compulsive work regimen that he had begun after his return to Berlin in 1884. Only through such disciplined labour, believed Weber, could he stave off a natural tendency to self-indulgence and laziness, which could lead to an emotional and spiritual crisis.
The high point of his early scholarly career was his inaugural address at Freiburg in 1895, in which he pulled together some five years of study on the agrarian problems of Germany east of the Elbe into a devastating indictment of the ruling Junker aristocracy as historically obsolete. In Weber’s view, however, the existing liberal parties were in no position to challenge and replace the Junkers. Nor was the working class ready to accept the responsibilities of power. Only the nation as a whole, educated to political maturity by a conscious policy of overseas imperial expansion, could bring Germany to the level of political maturity attained by the French in the revolutionary and Napoleonic eras and by the British in the course of their imperial expansion in the 19th century. Weber’s Freiburg address thus advanced an ideology of “liberal imperialism,” attracting to its support such important liberal publicists as Friedrich Naumann and Hans Delbrück.
In the months following his father’s death in August 1897, an increasing nervousness plagued the young scholar. His return to teaching in the autumn brought a brief respite, which ended in early 1898 with the first signs of the nervous collapse that would incapacitate him between mid-1898 and 1903. For five years he was intermittently institutionalized, suffering sudden relapses after slow recoveries and vain efforts to break such cycles by traveling. He resigned his professorship at Heidelberg at the height of his illness.
- Arthur Mitzman
Aug 24, 2007 · Max Weber. First published Fri Aug 24, 2007; substantive revision Wed Sep 21, 2022. Arguably the foremost social theorist of the twentieth century, Max Weber is known as a principal architect of modern social science along with Karl Marx and Emil Durkheim.
- The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber.
- The Vocation Lectures: Science as a Vocation/Politics as a Vocation Max Weber, Tracy B. Strong (Editor), Rodney Livingstone (Translator), David Owen (Editor)
- Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology Max Weber, Guenther Roth (Editor), Claus Wittich (Editor)
- From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology Max Weber, C. Wright Mills (Translator), Hans H. Gerth (Translator )
Apr 2, 2014 · Max Weber was a 19th-century German sociologist and one of the founders of modern sociology. He wrote 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism' in 1905.
May 17, 2018 · In 1904 he began to publish his own scholarly work. From this time on he lived as a private scholar, mostly in the city of Heidelberg, returning only briefly to more formal academic work, in Vienna and Munich in the years immediately preceding his death. Weber’s work reveals his extraordinary intellectual tensions.
Aug 29, 2012 · A principal founder of modern sociology, Max Weber Jr. was born 21 April 1864, to a prominent Prussian lawyer/politician and a pious mother, in Erfurt, Prussia. He was the eldest of eight children (his brother, Alfred, also became a noted sociologist and cultural analyst).
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