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      • Through trade, intermarriage, and even mutual distrust of Dutch and English pirates, the Mapuche and the Spanish began to construct a colonial entente. However, this growing alliance was obliterated by the “incurable evil,” an ever-expanding enslavement of Mapuches, and one which prompted a new generation of Mapuche resistance.
      muse.jhu.edu/book/102899
  1. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Arauco_WarArauco War - Wikipedia

    The Spaniards penetrated into Mapuche territory during the conquest of Chile until the Battle of Curalaba in 1598 and the following destruction of the Seven Cities led to the establishment of a clear frontier between the Spanish domains and the land of the independent Mapuche.

  2. The Destruction of the Seven Cities (Spanish: Destrucción de las siete ciudades) is a term used in Chilean historiography to refer to the destruction or abandonment of seven major Spanish outposts in southern Chile around 1600, caused by the Mapuche and Huilliche uprising of 1598.

  3. The Battle of Curalaba (Spanish: Batalla de Curalaba pronounced [baˈtaʝa ðe kuɾaˈlaβa]) was a battle and an ambush in 1598 when Mapuche people led by Pelantaru defeated Spanish conquerors led by Martín García Óñez de Loyola at Curalaba, southern Chile.

    • December 23, 1598
    • Decisive Mapuche victory
  4. Feb 11, 2021 · To the left, more traditional Mapuche warriors and citizens look to Lautaro as a beacon of Mapuche resistance and the proverbial savior of Mapuche lands. Centuries later, Lautaro has been cannonized as national hero of Chile, and a champion of native customs and culture.

  5. Araucanian wars, series of conflicts between the Araucanian Indians of Chile and the Spanish conquistadores in the 16th century, and one battle between the Araucanians and independent Chile in the 19th century. The Araucanians were nomadic hunting and food-gathering peoples divided into three.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  6. Nov 2, 2015 · The paper offers new explanations on the causes of the Mapuches’ success in resisting the invasion of their land in the time of Pedro de Valdivia. It is has been accepted the Spaniards were unable to subdue the Mapuches on account of their low level of social organization.

  7. In This Incurable Evil: Mapuche Resistance to Spanish Enslavement, 1598–1687, Eugene C. Berger provides a major corrective in the case of Chile. For example, in the south, indigenous populations were persistent in their resistance against Spanish settlement.

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