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Journey across the Atlantic
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- On the coast of Western Africa, Europeans traded manufactured good for captive African people. They then set sail for Caribbean and the Americas. This journey across the Atlantic was called the Middle Passage. Slave ships usually took between six and eleven weeks to complete the voyage.
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Sep 14, 2024 · Middle Passage, the forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the New World. It was one leg of the triangular trade route that took goods from Europe to Africa, Africans to work as slaves in the Americas and the West Indies, and items produced on the plantations back to Europe.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [2] were transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade.
- Broad Overview of The Middle Passage
- The Transatlantic Journey
- Resistance by Enslaved People
- Impact and End of The Middle Passage
- Sources
Between the 16th and 19th centuries, 12.4 million Africans were enslaved by Europeans and transported to various countries in the Americas. The Middle Passage was the middle stop of the "triangular trade": European ships would first sail to the western coast of Africa to trade a variety of goods for people who had been captured in war, kidnapped, o...
Each ship carried several hundred people, about 15% of whom died during the journey. Their bodies were thrown overboard and often eaten by sharks. Captives were fed twice a day and expected to exercise, often forced to dance while in shackles (and usually shackled to another person), in order to arrive in good condition for sale. They were kept in ...
There is evidence that up to 10% of these ships experienced violent resistance or insurrections by enslaved people. Many committed suicide by jumping overboard and others went on hunger strikes. Those who rebelled were punished cruelly, subjected to forced eating or whipped publicly (to set an example for others) with a "cat-o'-nine-tails (a whip o...
Enslaved people came from many different ethnic groups and spoke diverse languages. However, once they were shackled together on the ships and arrived in the American ports, they were given English (or Spanish or French) names. Their distinct ethnic identities (Igbo, Kongo, Wolof, Dahomey) were erased, as they were transformed into simply "Black" o...
Rediker, Marcus. The Slave Ship: A Human History. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.Miller, Joseph C. "The Transatlantic Slave Trade." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 2018, https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Transatlantic_Slave_Trade_TheWolfe, Brendan. "Slave Ships and the Middle Passage." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 2018, https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/slave_ships_and_the_middle_passage- Rebecca Bodenheimer
Feb 5, 2024 · The Middle Passage was a frightening and dehumanizing voyage that was part of the Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Triangular Trade System. It referred to the perilous journey that African captives endured, crossing over the Atlantic Ocean from West Africa to the Americas.
- Randal Rust
The Middle Passage was the crossing from Africa to the Americas, which the ships made carrying their ‘cargo’ of slaves. It was so-called because it was the middle section of the trade route taken by many of the ships.
Historians estimate that approximately 472,000 Africans were kidnapped and brought to the North American mainland between 1619 and 1860. Of these, nearly 18 percent died during the transatlantic voyage from Africa to the New World. Known as the "middle passage," this sea voyage could range from one to six months, depending on the weather.
