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The Premier Vol Habité (“First Manned Flight”) of Frenchman Jean-Loup Chrétien in June 1982, however, was something different: the first occasion on which a Western-aligned pilot had flown with the Soviets. Today, Chrétien’s mission can be seen for what it was—a cynical piece of political gameplay in the deep, cold years of the late ...
- Family and Education
- Early Political Career
- Liberal Leader
- First Term as Prime Minister
- Break-In at 24 Sussex Drive
- Sponsorship Scandal
- Foreign Policy
- Second Term as Prime Minister
- Third Term as Prime Minister
- Retirement
Chrétien was the 18th of 19 children, born to a family of modest means. His father, Wellie Chrétien, was a paper mill machinist and Liberal Party organizer. Jean, who would later describe himself as the “little guy from Shawinigan,” was known at school for his temper and for fighting. According to biographer Martin Lawrence’s Chrétien: The Will to ...
In 1963, Chrétien won election to the House of Commons as a Liberal, representing the riding of St-Maurice–Laflèche. He served in Prime Minister Lester Pearson’s Cabinet as minister without portfolio. He then became minister of national revenue. In 1968, he supported Mitchell Sharp for the party leadership. Under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, Chré...
John Turner resigned the leadership in 1990 after a second defeat by the Conservatives. This time, Chrétien succeeded in winning the Liberal leadership, defeating Paul Martin. Chrétien returned to the House of Commons in 1990, representing the New Brunswickriding of Beauséjour. Chrétien inherited a party that was disorganized and almost bankrupt. M...
The Chrétien government inherited a difficult legacy; but it was also fortunate in the period in which it governed. Under Kim Campbell, the Conservative Party had disintegrated, falling from 151 seats to 2. Support for the NDP had also collapsed. This left Chrétien’s Liberal Party as the only national party in the House of Commons to face the regio...
Not long after the Quebec referendum, an armed intruder broke into the prime minister’s residence. As recounted in his later trial, André Dallaire heard voices instructing him to kill the prime minister and avenge the results of the vote. After scaling the fence, he smashed a window and entered the house. Woken by the noise, Aline went to investiga...
The results of the Quebec referendum made it clear that Chrétien’s popularity in his home province was limited. Chrétien tried to remedy the situation through an ill-conceived and largely secret “sponsorship” program; it was designed to raise the profile of both Canada and the federal government in Quebec through a targeted advertising program. How...
In foreign policy, the Liberals stressed economic diplomacy above all during Chrétien’s first term. Chrétien himself led a series of highly publicized “Team Canada” missions to various countries and regions. In terms of photo opportunities and favourable media, these may have been triumphs; but critics charged the government with overlooking human ...
In 1997, Chrétien called a federal election for 2 June. The opposition parties were fragmented and unimpressive, and regional rather than national in their appeal. As a result, Chrétien won the election with a small but serviceable majority of 155 seats out of 301. In its second term, the Chrétien government continued to benefit from prosperity; de...
The main problem during Chrétien's third term was relations with the United States. Canada, as always, was overwhelmingly dependent on the American market for its exports. This posed no great problem during the peaceful 1990s. However, when the US came under attack from Islamic terrorists on 11 September 2001, the security of US borders became a se...
After retiring from political life, Chrétien became counsel for the law firm Heenan Blaikie LLP. In February 2014, after the collapse of Heenan Blaikie, he joined law firm Dentons Canada as counsel. Chrétien has also remained involved in politics, if not on an official basis. In 2008, he and former NDP leader Ed Broadbent worked to form a coalition...
NAME: Jean-Loup J.M. Chrétien ORAL HISTORY: 2 May 2002 8 May 2002 EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND: M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering, L'Ecole Militaire de l'Air (French Air Force Academy), Salon de Provence, France, 1961 PRE-NASA EXPERIENCE: French Air Force (1959-1999) • Lieutenant, Fighter Pilot/Pilot-Engineer, 5th Fighter Operational Squadron, Orange,
Mar 23, 2023 · A genius in creating fictional worlds, Chrétien was remarkably insulated from his own historical context. Even his name presents a problem. Was he from Troyes in Champagne as he asserts in his first romance, Erec et Enide (vs. 9) – and this was probably the case – or was his name an ironic oxymoron, a Christian from the pagan Greek city of Troy from which the Frankish peoples claimed ...
Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien PC OM CC KC AdE (French: [ʒɑ̃ kʁetjɛ̃]; born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 20th prime minister of Canada from 1993 to 2003. Born and raised in Shawinigan Falls, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval. A Liberal, he was first elected to the House of ...
Nov 20, 2015 · Tognini was then posted to advanced fighter pilot training at a squadron based at Normandie-Neman, where he served for a year before gaining his advanced fighter pilot training. From 1974 to 1981 he was an operational fighter pilot in the French Air Force (Cambrai Air Base) at the 12th Escadre de Chasse, flying SMB2 and Mirage F1 aircraft, serving as a flight leader (1976) and a flight ...
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Oct 11, 2024 · Chrétien's first major work Eric and Enide is considered the first Arthurian romance. It was in his Lancelot (the first romance in which Lancelot is the central character) that king Arthur and his knights first assembled at Camelot. Chrétien is regarded as the inventor of the genre of courtly romance.
