Dalian Asia Pacific Service Apartment (Former Somerset Harbour Court Dalian)
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Jun 24, 2024 · Dalian is more like a coastal city in the southern China as it does not have a freezing temperature of -30 ℃ (-22 ℉) in winter and the summer heat here is not so hot thanks to the soft sea wind. It also boasts long coastlines, fantastic sea views, sun-kissed beaches, holiday resorts and coastal parks.
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Dalian (/ d ɑː ˈ l j ɛ n / dah-LYEN) is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China (after Shenyang and Harbin).
- Overview
- Lüshun (Port Arthur)
- Dalian (Dairen)
- The contemporary city
Dalian, city and port, southern Liaoning sheng (province), northeastern China. It consists of the formerly independent cities of Dalian and Lüshun, which were amalgamated (as Lüda) in 1950; in 1981 the name Dalian was restored, and Lüshun became a district of the city.
Situated at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, Dalian has a good deepwater harbour that is ice-free throughout the year. It has an extremely important strategic position, commanding the entrance to the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli) and maritime access to Tianjin. Pop. (2002 est.) city, 2,181,583; (2007 est.) urban agglom., 3,167,000.
Lüshun, historically known in the West as Port Arthur, long was an important port of entry for southern Manchuria (Northeast China). It was used as a staging post in the 2nd century bce by Chinese colonists of the Han dynasty (206 bce–220 ce) in northern Korea and by the Tang dynasty (618–907) in campaigns in the 7th century. During the 15th and 16th centuries, under the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), it was a fortified port for Chinese settlements in the Liaodong area. It was captured by the Manchus in 1633 and became the headquarters of a coastal defense unit under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911/12). In 1878 it was chosen as the chief base for the Beiyang (“North Ocean”) fleet, China’s first modern naval force, and was again fortified.
Captured by the Japanese in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894–95, it was leased to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which ended the war. However, after the intervention of the Western powers that followed, it was returned to China. Russia, which was eager to acquire an ice-free port on the Pacific, occupied the Liaodong Peninsula in 1897 after the Germans had taken Jiaozhou (Kiaochow) on the southern side of the Shandong Peninsula. In 1898 Russia acquired a lease of the Liaodong Peninsula and the right to build a railway connecting it with the Chinese Eastern Railway at Harbin in Heilongjiang province—and thus with the Trans-Siberian Railroad. The Russians constructed a heavily fortified naval base for their Pacific fleet at Port Arthur, began the development of a commercial port in nearby Dalny (Dalian), and in 1903 completed the rail link to Harbin. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, Port Arthur was one of the principal Japanese objectives. In May 1904 the Japanese army cut off the Liaodong Peninsula from the mainland and seized the port of Dalian (called Dairen by the Japanese). The Russian forces withdrew to their supposedly impregnable base at Port Arthur, but it too was eventually taken by the Japanese.
The Treaty of Portsmouth (1905), which concluded the war, transferred Port Arthur to Japan. The Japanese renamed it Ryojun and made it the administrative and military headquarters of their Kwantung Provincial Government (later transferred to Dairen) and of the Kwantung army command (later transferred to Mukden [now Shenyang]). The naval base was strengthened and became a base for Japanese military operations not only in Manchuria but also in northern China.
The Yalta Conference (February 1945) had envisioned the return of the Liaodong territory to the Soviet Union after World War II, and, under a treaty of friendship and alliance concluded in Moscow later that year between China and the Soviet Union, it was agreed that the Port Arthur naval base was to be used jointly by the two countries for 30 years but that the Soviet Union would be responsible for its defense and the Russians would have control of the peninsula, apart from the port of Dairen.
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After the Russians took the lease of the Liaodong Peninsula in 1898, they initially focused much of their attention on building up the existing Chinese naval base at Port Arthur as the headquarters of their Pacific fleet. However, they also selected a minor nearby fishing village on the peninsula called Qingniwa to be developed as a major commercial port, which they called Dalny. They laid out a spacious Western-style city, dredged the harbour, and constructed wharves, piers, and breakwaters. Only the first stage had been completed by the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. After control of the Liaodong Peninsula was transferred to Japan in 1905, the Japanese (who renamed the port Dairen) completed the Russian plan, developing a fine modern city and an efficient modern port. By 1931 Dairen was a major Chinese port, exceeded in its volume of trade only by Shanghai.
Under the Japanese, Dairen became a major industrial centre. A chemical industry was established, and the city also became a centre of cotton-textile production; development of the latter, however, was hampered by the competition of Jinzhou (a short distance north on the Liaodong Peninsula) and by the depressed state of the Japanese cotton industry in the 1930s. Since the completion of the South Manchurian Railway in 1901, it had been the railway’s headquarters; huge railway workshops were built to supply locomotives, rolling stock, and equipment to the railway and also to other rail lines in Korea and northern China. In the 1930s the machine-building industry was further developed with the construction of a large plant belonging to the Dairen Machinery Company. In addition, shipbuilding became important during that decade, and by 1941 the port was producing ships of 8,000 tons.
During the postwar Soviet occupation of the Liaodong Peninsula, the city was less seriously damaged and looted than most of the other Manchurian cities. The merger with neighbouring Lüshun to form Lüda (the name derived by combining the first characters of Lüshun and Dalian) greatly expanded the area and population of the city. Further expansion occurred in 1981, when the name Dalian was restored to the city; the former city of Dalian became Zhongshan district, and Lüshun (under the name Lüshunkou) and Jinzhou were among the other districts created.
The amalgamated city experienced rapid economic growth from 1950. In 1984 Dalian was designated one of China’s “open” cities in the country’s liberalizing economic policy of inviting foreign investment, which further spurred its development. It is now a prosperous industrial centre, noted for the variety and quality of its products. In addition to its importance as a base for shipbuilding and the construction of locomotives, Dalian is a thriving manufacturer of machines, electronics, chemicals, petroleum products, and textiles; high-technology enterprises have become increasingly important. An annual clothing fair hosted by the city attracts large crowds of customers from China and abroad.
Dalian port is among the largest in China, and the city is also a fishing and marine centre. A new harbour, built some 19 miles (31 km) east of the original harbour, is large enough to accommodate vessels of up to 100,000 tons displacement. The city has continued as an important rail terminus and is connected by expressway to Shenyang and from there to other regional centres. Its international airport has regular flights to cities in Japan and Korea, as well as to other major Chinese cities.
Dalian has a number of institutions of higher education, including Dalian Maritime University (1909) and Dalian University of Technology (1949). The city’s thriving fisheries have contributed to the development of a distinctive seafood-based cuisine, and restaurants and catering services are plentiful. Dalian’s beautiful beaches and its unique scenery, which harmoniously combine both Eastern and Western styles of architecture, have contributed to making the city one of China’s major tourist destinations.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Surrounded by the Yellow Sea, Dalian (大连, Dàlián) is one of China's most cosmopolitan cities. Its temperate climate, clean air and early-20th-century architecture alone attract the attention of international travelers from the region.
- Jinshitan (Golden Pebble Beach) Located in the Jinshitan Scenic Area, Dalian Jinshitan Beach is about a 50-minute drive from the city center. As the largest bathing place in northern China, the coastline of Jinshitan stretches for 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles).
- Bangchuidao Beach. About 5 kilometers (3miles) from the center of Dalian, the Bangchuidao Beach located in Bangchuidao Scenic Areaboasts the clearest water and cleanest Dalian beach in the urban area.
- Xinghai Park Bathing Place. Xinghai Park. Located in Xinghai Parkin downtown, Xinghai Bathing Place is one of the four largest bathing beaches in Dalian.
- Xianyuwan Bathing Beach. Located in Xianyuwan town, 125 km (80 miles) away from the Dalian city center, it is a famous bathing beach on the shore of the Bohai Sea.
Dalian, a beautiful coastal city in northeast China, is known for its vibrant culture, scenery, and seafood. Dalian, once called “Qingniwa”, was envisioned as an “Eastern Paris” 100 years ago by Russian engineers enamored with French culture.
It’s this cool spot on China’s northeastern coast that’s seriously got a bit of everything. Imagine a city where skyscrapers are just a stone’s throw from lush parks and sandy beaches. That’s Dalian for you—a place that effortlessly blends urban living with nature’s charm.
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