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Magnitude system
- The brightness of stars are specified with the magnitude system. The Greek astronomer Hipparchus devised this system around 150 B.C.E. He put the brightest stars into the first magnitude class, the next brightest stars into second magnitude class, and so on until he had all of the visible stars grouped into six magnitude classes.
www.astronomynotes.com/starprop/s4.htm
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Astronomers are careful to distinguish between the luminosity of the star (the total energy output) and the amount of energy that happens to reach our eyes or a telescope on Earth. Stars are democratic in how they produce radiation; they emit the same amount of energy in every direction in space.
Revision notes on 9.2.1 Brightness & Apparent Magnitude for the AQA A Level Physics syllabus, written by the Physics experts at Save My Exams.
Apr 11, 2022 · The apparent brightness of a star depends on both its luminosity and its distance from Earth. Thus, the determination of apparent brightness and measurement of the distance to a star provide enough information to calculate its luminosity.
Aug 23, 2024 · The generally accepted system of stellar classification is a combination of two classification schemes: the Harvard system, which is based on the star’s surface temperature, and the MK system, which is based on the star’s luminosity.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors interspersed with spectral lines.
The process of measuring the apparent brightness of stars is called photometry (from the Greek photo meaning “light” and – metry meaning “to measure”). As we saw Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy, astronomical photometry began with Hipparchus.
What stellar spectral classification is, a history of its development and how to observe these differences in stars for yourself.
