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Sep 4, 2024 · As commander in chief during the Civil War, Franco was a careful and systematic leader. He made no rash moves and suffered only a few temporary defeats as his forces advanced slowly but steadily; the only major criticism directed at him during the campaign was that his strategy was frequently unimaginative.
- Stanley G. Payne
- Franco: The Early Years. Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was born on December 4, 1892, in El Ferrol, a small coastal town on Spain’s northwestern tip. Until age 12, Franco attended a private school run by a Catholic priest.
- Franco and the Second Republic. A military dictatorship embraced by King Alfonso XIII governed Spain from 1923 to 1930, but municipal elections held in April 1931 deposed the king and ushered in the so-called Second Republic.
- Franco and the Spanish Civil War. Banished to a remote post in the Canary Islands, Franco initially hesitated in his support of the military conspiracy.
- Life Under Franco. Many Republican figures fled the country in the wake of the civil war, and military tribunals were set up to try those who remained. These tribunals sent thousands more Spaniards to their death, and Franco himself admitted in the mid-1940s that he had 26,000 political prisoners under lock and key.
Apr 2, 2014 · However, circumstances changed with the advent of the Cold War; Franco’s status as a staunch anti-communist led to economic and military assistance from the United States in exchange for...
During the start of the Cold War, Franco lifted Spain out of its mid-20th century economic depression through technocratic and economically liberal policies, presiding over a period of accelerated growth known as the "Spanish miracle".
However, the intensification of the Cold War climate starting in 1950 with the outbreak of the Korean War fostered a partial, limited restoration of the Franco regime within the Western sphere, which would entail a tremendous economic and political cost for Spain itself.
After the war, Francisco Franco became ‘Generalísimo’ (General of Generals) and ‘Caudillo’ (people’s leader). He would rule with an iron fist until his death in 1975. His dictatorship started and finished with executions.
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The historiography of Francoist Spain in English, as part of broader scholarship on the Cold War, understandably focuses on the United States’ motivations for signing the Pact of Madrid. By virtue of its US-centric approach, this historiography tends to promote the mistakenly monolithic perspective of the Spanish political landscape.
