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Afghanistan, [d] officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, [e] is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south , [ f ] Iran to the west , Turkmenistan to the northwest , Uzbekistan to the north , Tajikistan to the northeast , and China to the northeast and east .
Afghanistan is a rural country; in 2020, some 80% of its 33 million people lived in the countryside. [121]: 12 This predisposes warfare to rural areas, and provides ample hiding spots for guerrilla fighters. The country also has harsh winters, which favors spring or summertime military offensives after winter lulls in fighting.
