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The assassination of José Calvo Sotelo took place in Madrid, Spain, in the early morning of Monday 13 July 1936, during the Second Spanish Republic, when a group of Assault Guards and members of the socialist militias led by a captain of the Civil Guard in civilian clothes showed up at the home of the monarchist leader José Calvo Sotelo with ...
José Calvo Sotelo en un mitin en San Sebastián (1935). Era el líder indiscutido de la derecha antirrepublicana y el principal promotor civil de la conspiración golpista que desembocó en el golpe de Estado de julio de 1936.
Feb 3, 2016 · La madrugada del 13 de julio, tras el asesinato del republicano José del Castillo, un grupo de oficiales se presentó en su casa en un coche del Gobierno. Calvo Sotelo fue obligado a...
José Calvo Sotelo was the leader of the monarchist opposition and the minister who had contributed to the economic revival of Spain during the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera.
- Biography
- Assassination
- Bibliography
Early years
Calvo Sotelo was born on 6 May 1893 in Tui, Galicia to Pedro Calvo y Camina, a judge, and Elisa Sotelo Lafuente. He received a degree in Law and moved to the capital, Madrid. In 1913 he joined a maurist circle in the Ateneo where he socialised with other members of the Maurist Youth such as Melchor Fernández Almagro, Pío Zabala, Antonio Ballesteros Beretta, Pío Ballesteros Álava, Quintiliano Saldaña, Manuel Palacios Olmedo, Rogerio Sánchez and Fernando Suárez de Tangil. He became Secretary of...
Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
Following the 1923 coup d'état by Miguel Primo de Rivera, Calvo Sotelo lent support to the dictatorship. Appointed Director General of Local Administration in 1923, he was the creator of the 1924 Municipal Statute that, inspired by previous projects of Antonio Maura, sought to reform the structure of the State at a local level and was cemented by the free election of mayors and the councillors. He also promulgated a Provincial Statute in 1925. Neither statute got to be enforced. Primo de Rive...
Second Republic
After the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic on 14 April 1931, Calvo Sotelo, because of his prior collaboration with the dictatorship and his fear of being subject to trial, went into exile to Portugal and later France along with other politicians. He was welcomed the day after his arrival in Lisbon by António de Oliveira Salazar, then minister of Finance. Calvo Sotelo spent his time in Portugal studying the Ditadura Nacional regime. After being given a passport by the Portuguese aut...
After the Guardia de Asalto leader José Castillo was killed by falangists at 10pm on 12 July 1936, a group of Guardia de Asalto and other leftist militiamen led by Civil Guard Fernando Condés went to Calvo Sotelo's house in a government's car in the early hours of 13 July on a revenge mission. While they also planned to kidnap Gil-Robles as well, h...
Alexander, Gerard (2002). "The Right and the Breakdown of Spanish Democracy, 1931-1936". The Sources of Democratic Consolidation. New York: Cornell University Press. pp. 103–137. ISBN 978-0-8014-39...Arbeloa, Víctor Manuel (2008). La Iglesia que buscó la concordia. Encuentro. ISBN 978-8499206363.Ben-Ami, Shlomo (1981). "La Dictadura de Primo de Rivera y el final de la Monarquía Parlamentaria". In José Andrés-Gallego (ed.). Historia General de España y América: Revolución y Restauración. Vo...Blasco de la Llave, Laura (2015). "L'Action Française ante la Guerra Civil Española: simpatías pronacionales de un movimiento". Revista de Estudios Políticos (167). Madrid. ISSN 0048-7694.Dec 1, 2019 · We learn in this crucial testimony that the militias of the Socialist Party, then under the direction of all the principal leaders of the movement, had planned the assassinations of Calvo Sotelo, José Maria Gil Robles, and the monarchist, Antonio Goicoechea at least three months earlier.
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This chapter examines the significance of the assassination of Calvo Sotelo. It discusses the government's reaction to the killing and how assassination became the catalyst that transformed a limping conspiracy into a powerful revolt which set off a massive civil war.
