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  2. Russell argues that work is not virtuous and that too much work harms society and the environment. He proposes a radical solution of reducing work and increasing leisure, based on his analysis of the two kinds of work and the role of landowners.

  3. In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays is a 1935 collection of essays by the philosopher Bertrand Russell.

    • Bertrand Russell
    • 1935
  4. Oct 3, 2015 · In this classic essay, Russell argues that work is not virtuous and that leisure is essential for civilization. He criticizes the morality of the slave state, the overwork of the poor, and the idleness of the rich.

  5. Jan 26, 2023 · In this article, Russell argues that work is not virtuous, but a product of historical and cultural factors. He proposes that modern technology can make leisure a right for everyone, and that less work would lead to more happiness and creativity.

    • in praise of idleness1
    • in praise of idleness2
    • in praise of idleness3
    • in praise of idleness4
    • in praise of idleness5
    • The belief that work is virtuous does more harm than good. “The fact is that moving matter about, while a certain amount of it is necessary to our existence, is emphatically not one of the ends of human life.”
    • Modern advancements should mean less work. “What will happen when the point has been reached where everybody could be comfortable without working long hours?”
    • A 4-hour workday should be enough for everybody. “If the ordinary wage-earner worked four hours a day there would be enough for everybody, and no unemployment — assuming a certain very moderate amount of sensible organization.”
    • The wise use of leisure leads to the best things in life. “A man who has worked long hours all his life will be bored if he becomes suddenly idle. But without a considerable amount of leisure a man is cut off from many of the best things.”
  6. Dec 27, 2018 · In a 1932 essay, the philosopher argues that work is not virtuous and leisure is not laziness, but essential to civilization. He criticizes the modern cult of work and the exploitation of the poor by the rich.

  7. Aug 27, 2020 · A book of essays by the renowned philosopher and social critic Bertrand Russell, covering topics such as fascism, socialism, education, and the human soul. The title essay argues that idleness is a virtue and a source of creativity, while intolerance and bigotry are the root causes of human suffering.

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