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Josef Kramer (10 November 1906 – 13 December 1945) was a Hauptsturmführer and the Commandant of Auschwitz-Birkenau (from 8 May 1944 to 25 November 1944) and of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (from December 1944 to its liberation on 15 April 1945).
Josef Kramer was a German commander of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (1944–45), notorious for his cruelty. Joining the Nazi Party on Dec. 1, 1931, Kramer volunteered for the SS the following year. He served at various camps, including Auschwitz, Mauthausen, and Dachau, and commanded Birkenau.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Josef Kramer had been camp commandant at Bergen-Belsen and before that at Auschwitz. Of the other defendants, 12 were kapos, 16 female SS members and 16 male SS members. Although the SS was an all-male organisation, women were able to enlist as members of the SS-Gefolge, a form of civilian employee.
Josef Kramer was the commandant of Belsen concentration camp when it was liberated by the British in April 1945. He and 44 other former camp staff were tried by a British military tribunal in Lüneburg, where they faced charges of crimes of war and crimes against citizens of the Allied nations.
Josef Kramer was an SS officer who commanded several Nazi camps, including Auschwitz-Birkenau and Natzweiler. He was arrested by the British and tortured into confessing to false crimes, then executed in 1945.
JOSEF KRAMER, sworn, examined by Major WINWOOD - I was born in Munich on 10th November, 1906, and joined the National Socialist Party on 1st December, 1931, and the S.S. in January [June], 1932. In the autumn of 1934 I started work in the Concentration Camp Service and remained in that, without interruption, until April, 1945.
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Josef Kramer was the commandant of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp when it was liberated by the British Army in April 1945. He was one of the few Nazis to be tried and executed for war crimes after the war.
