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When New York's Elmira Reformatory opened in 1876, it rejected 19th century penology's holy trinity of silence, obedience and labor. Elmira's goal would be reform of the convict, and its methods would be psychological rather than physical.
The Elmira system classified and separated various types of prisoners, gave them individualized treatment emphasizing vocational training and industrial employment, used indeterminate sentences, rewarded good behaviour, and paroled inmates under supervision.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jun 7, 2021 · History: Why Elmira was called the Queen City in 1851 by travel writer William MacLeod. “Elmira is the Queen City along New York and Erie Railroad, and is a good specimen of the towns that seem...
- Diane Janowski
- Improving Conditions
- Prison Design
- New Prisons
In 1774 his evidence to a House of Commons committee led to two Acts which aimed to improve conditions in gaols. His published writings on the subject were widely read and his detailed accounts of inhumane conditions caused dismay. He advocated a system of state-controlled prisons in which the regime was tough, but the environment healthy. In 1779 ...
Though the plans set out in the Penitentiary Act were never carried out, Howard's ideas and proposals were taken up by others. In 1785 Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, a Gloucestershire gentleman and magistrate, secured an Act of Parliament for building a new gaol at Gloucester. The completed prison building was regarded as a model of its kind, incorpo...
Over the next 40 years similar initiatives were pursued in many other counties. Local Acts of Parliament were obtained allowing magistrates to build imposing new prisons in their respective counties.
Elmira (/ ɛ l ˈ m aɪ r ə /) is a city in and the county seat of Chemung County, New York, United States. It is the principal city of the Elmira, New York, metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses Chemung County.
May 18, 2018 · In modern day Elmira it is hard to imagine our city in its early days, but even then there were plans for civic and economic growth, for new businesses, and ideas for attracting new...
Aug 25, 2024 · Discover the top 31 must-visit places in Elmira, from historic landmarks to scenic parks. Perfect for travelers seeking unique experiences!
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