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Jul 22, 2020 · Between July 1918 and June 1919, 24,449 people died of this new scourge in Switzerland alone – making Spanish Flu the country’s deadliest disaster of the 20th century. Open-air solarium for TB patients: the Hôpital Pourtalès in Neuchâtel. Just like tuberculosis, the Flu was transmitted through direct contact or droplets – in the age of ...
Revolutionary medicine in France. Hospital medicine was first practiced systematically in France, following the French Revolution of 1789. Elements of pathological anatomy and clinical observation already existed in Leiden, London, Paris, Vienna and Edinburgh. And the the principle of ‘bedside learning’ as a way for doctors to gain ...
- Liebeault. The Founder of The Nancy School
- Liebeault and Bernhmeim. Introducing Hypnotism Into Medical Practice
- The Breakthrough
- Bernheim’s Struggle Against Charcot and The Rise of The Nancy School
- The Followers of The Nancy School
- Switzerland
- The Influence of The Nancy School
Between 1860 and 1880, the reputation of magnetism and hypnotism hit rock bottom. Physicians who employed these techniques risked damaging their scientific careers and losing their medical practices indefinitely. However, amidst the prevailing fear, Auguste Ambroise Liebeault (1823-1904) emerged as one of the few brave souls who openly embraced hyp...
The Nancy School, spearheaded by Auguste Ambroise Liebeault, challenged the prevailing skepticism surrounding hypnotism. Through his pioneering work and unwavering commitment to patient care, he redefined the boundaries of medical practice, leaving an indelible mark on the field. During Liebeault’s belated rise to fame, a person visiting his clinic...
In a remarkable turn of events, Bernheim, previously esteemed for his research on typhoid fever, heart conditions, and pulmonary diseases, publicly endorsed Liebeault’s approach. He introduced it to the medical hospital at his university, rescuing Liebeault’s previously overlooked book from obscurity. As a result, Liebeault gained recognition as a ...
Following Charcot’s renowned paper on hypnotism at the Académie des Sciences, Bernheim wasted no time in exposing Liebeault’s work to the medical community. This marked the beginning of a bitter rivalry between the two men. In 1886, Bernheim achieved great success with the publication of his textbook, which catapulted him to the forefront as the le...
The Nancy School, in its broader context, encompassed a loosely affiliated group of psychiatrists who embraced Bernheim’s principles and techniques. Notable figures among them included Albert Moll and Schrenck-Notzing in Germany, Kratft-Ebing in Austria, Bechterev in Russia, Milne Bramwell in England, Boris Sidis and Morton Prince in the United Sta...
Switzerland saw the contributions of Auguste Forel, a professor of psychiatry in Zurich and director of the famous Burghölzli psychiatric hospital. Forel visited Bernheim in 1887 and swiftly became one of the leading experts in hypnotism. Similar to Liebeault and Bernheim, he achieved remarkable success in treating certain physical illnesses. Forel...
Together, Liebeault and Bernheim paved the way for the Nancy School, revolutionizing the field of hypnotism and challenging conventional medical practices. Their contributions reshaped the understanding and application of hypnosis, leaving an enduring impact on the medical community. Bernheim’s clash with Charcot and his subsequent championing of L...
Feb 2, 2019 · When France fell a year later and Switzerland was virtually surrounded, Guisan upped the conscription age to 60 and explained his plan. In the case of a German attack, the Swiss army (numbering 800,000 men after full conscription) and all those people who were able would withdraw to the so-called “Reduite National,” the natural defense of the Alps.
- 9 min
The French invasion of Switzerland (German: Franzoseneinfall) occurred from January to May 1798 as part of the French Revolutionary Wars. The independent Old Swiss Confederacy collapsed from the invasion and simultaneous internal revolts called the "Helvetic Revolution". The Swiss ancien régime institutions were abolished and replaced by the ...
- 28 January-17 May 1798
- Old Swiss Confederacy
Nov 29, 2022 · In the early 20th century, a new form of treatment for tuburculosis emerged in Europe and North America. Sanatoriums were a hybrid between a hospital and a resort, built to maximise patients’ exposure to sunlight and clean air. Their bright, open spaces influenced both healthcare and modern architecture.
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Why did the French Revolution shut down hospitals and medical schools?
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How did Liebeault and Bernheim influence hypnosis?
Why did the French surrender the Swiss?
When was hospital medicine first used in France?
What happened to the Swiss Ancien Régime?
France was suffering a financial crisis and holding an election at the time. Britain and France were also pre-occupied at the time with the Abyssinian Crisis. After successfully remilitarising and reoccupying the Rhineland, Hitler suggested a 25-year non-aggression pact with the great powers. He did this to appear less aggressive.
