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Official of the Ming dynasty
- Xu Guangqi (born April 24, 1562, Shanghai, China—died Nov. 8, 1633, Beijing) was an official of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), and the most influential Chinese convert to Christianity before the 20th century.
www.britannica.com/biography/Xu-GuangqiXu Guangqi | Mathematician, Scientist, Confucianist | Britannica
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Xu Guangqi or Hsü Kuang-ch'i (April 24, 1562 – November 8, 1633), also known by his baptismal name Paul or Paul Siu, was a Chinese agronomist, astronomer, mathematician, politician, and writer during the Ming dynasty. [6]
- Life
- Translation of Books Into Chinese
- Xu Guanqi and Christianity
- Work
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Xu Guangqi was born in 1562 in Shanghai. Xu passed his first civil service examination at the age of nineteen, and obtained his chin-shih degree, the highest level in the civil-service examination, in his thirties. In 1596, Xu was introduced to Catholicism by the Jesuit Lazzaro Cattaneo in Guangzhou, and in 1600, on his way to Beijing, he visited M...
Matteo Ricci (October 6, 1552 – May 11, 1610) (利瑪竇, |利玛窦 Lì Mǎdòu, Li Ma-tou, Li Madou) was an Italian Jesuit priest and missionary who eventually mastered Chinese classical script, and attracted the interest and gained the respect of Chinese officials and scholars by demonstrating his knowledge of astronomy, mathematics and geography, and by intro...
Ricci's influence led to Xu being baptized as a Roman Catholicin 1603, under the name "Paul Xu Guangqi." His descendants remained staunchly Catholic into the nineteenth century. In 1616, the magistrate Shen Que of Nanjing wrote to Emperor Wan Li accusing the Jesuits of harboring wrong motives in China, and requesting their expulsion, Xu wrote a bea...
Astronomy
The Ming Dynasty government wanted to conduct a reform of their calendar, and reorganize the Imperial Astronomical Bureau and the Imperial Calendar Bureau. At that time, there were three schools of astronomy in China, the traditional Chinese (or Ta-t'ung), Islamic astronomers, and the New Method School led by Xu Guang-qi, which used the methods taught by the Jesuits. The New Method School had accurately predicted an eclipse which took place on December 15, 1610. To decide who should be respon...
Agriculture
Xu Guangqi wrote the Nong Zheng Quan Shu, an outstanding agricultural treatise that followed in the tradition of those such as Wang Zhen (wrote the Wang Zhen Nong Shu of 1313 C.E.) and Jia Sixia (wrote the Chi Min Yao Shu of 535 C.E.). Like Wang Zhen, Xu lived in troubled times, and was devoted as a patriot to aiding the rural farmers of China. His main interests were in irrigation, fertilizers, famine relief, economic crops, and empirical observation with early notions of chemistry. It was a...
Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd., 1986. ISBN 052132727XNeedham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 2: Agriculture. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd., 1986. ISBN 052132727XStone, Richard. "Scientists Fete China's Supreme Polymath," Science(2007): 318, 733.Temple, Robert K. G. and Joseph Needham. The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986. ISBN 0671620282Xu Guangqi (or Xu Guang-qi) is also known as Hsu Kuang-ch'i. He obtained the highest level in the civil-service examination having been educated in astronomy and calendar computation. He rose in importance to eventually become the leading minister in the Imperial Court of the Ming Dynasty.
Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese scholar-official, who rose to one of the highest government positions in the Ming dynasty, pioneered in the introduction of Western science and technology into China, and became one of the "Three Pillars of the Catholic Religion in China" in the 17th century.
Jan 18, 2023 · A pioneer and active promoter of European science and technology, Xu Guangqi made significant contributions to the cultural exchange between China and the West in the seventeenth century. In particular, he met the Italian missionary Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) in Nanjing in 1600 and was baptized a Catholic in 1603.
Xu Guangqi was an important early Chinese Catholic apologist and advocate for resident European missionaries in the early seventeenth century. Xu was just the kind of person that the Jesuit missionaries hoped to attract to Christianity during the Ming Dynasty.
