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After subduing some light local resistance Edward reached Caen on July 26th and made overtures for a peaceful takeover of the city. His demands were contemptuously rejected and the city prepared for defence. One might imagine the scene. The attackers rode to the field on horseback, banners and pennants fluttering in a light breeze.
The Records of London's Livery Companies Online, known as RollCo, is a project which was begun in 2008 to make the membership records of the Companies more readily accessible by a setting up a searchable database. The Worshipful Company of Bowyers supported the project by providing transcriptions of admission records which are now freely ...
The Worshipful Company of Bowyers is one of the livery companies of the City of London. Originally, bowyers (longbow -makers) and fletchers (arrow -makers) composed one organisation. However, in 1371, the fletchers petitioned the lord mayor to divide into their own company, the Worshipful Company of Fletchers. Demarcation disputes arose between ...
Bowyers. Bowyers was a company known for the manufacture of meat products, including a brand of sausages, which was based in Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England. The company was acquired by Northern Foods in 1985, and passed through two other owners until the Trowbridge factory was closed in 2007. The brand is used by Addo Food Group for ranges of ...
- The Welsh Legend
- Archery in Medieval Wales
- Archery Elsewhere in Europe
- The 12th Century Normans in Wales
- 13th Century Background: The Llewelyn Uprisings and The Welsh Wars of Edward I
- Archery Evolution During Edward I's Welsh Wars
- Edward I's Ambition For A More Professional Army
- Attention Turns Toward The Scots
- Dark Period 1300-1330
- The Longbow's Evolution
Much of the popular Welsh legend seems attributable to Shakespeare, who gave a prominent part in 'Henry V' to Captain Fluellen, the Welshman. Fluellen reminds the King of the brave battles in France of Edward the Black Prince (at Crecy and Poitiers), and of the good service of the Welsh, who 'wore leeks in their Monmouth caps', as did the King hims...
Going back in time, what we know of archery in Wales prior to the 13th century comes almost entirely from the writings of Giraldus Cambrensis, Gerald of Wales, an Anglo-Norman nobleman whose family had settled in Wales and who wrote extensively in the 1180s about his travels in Wales and his observations of the Welsh. His observations were quite tr...
Bows and arrows had of course been commonplace throughout most of Europe, although curiously not among the Celts of North Wales, Ireland or Scotland. The Anglo-Saxons used them mainly for hunting, it being generally thought that battles should be fought man-to-man. The Vikings had quite powerful bows, and carried them as weapons on their longships....
The Anglo-Normans initially (as with Scotland, and as with the Romans and Saxons before them) had little interest in occupying Wales. The Norman Kings granted the Welsh border lands (the Welsh Marches) to Lordships based in Chester, Shrewsbury and Hereford, the royal brief being more or less to 'keep the Welsh out, and if there's anything there you...
The mid-13th century saw the beginnings of Welsh nationalism. In 1240 Llewelyn, King of Gwynedd in the North, made a deathbed claim to all of Wales (but without occupying the South). In 1265 his grandson Llewelyn ap Gruffydd stepped into English politics with support for De Montfort, and made a fresh claim for Welsh unity. In 1267, out of weakness,...
During the 1277 and 1282/83 wars, the bow had played a secondary role. There was one elite English archery corps in the King's bodyguard, the 'Macclesfield 100' from Cheshire, and a corps of 800 from Gwent and Crickhowell. But the 1277 general infantry of 15,000, while including 3,600 archers, had only 16,000 arrows between them; the bow was clearl...
Now that he had a coherent military strategy, Edward was increasingly frustrated by the variable quality of troops that were recruited through the traditional 'Commissions of Array' whereby each area of the country was required to produce a set number of soldiers of various levels according to their wealth, for example: - £15 value of land: bring h...
Having sorted out the Welsh, Edward could turn his attention to the Scots. He had been out of the country when William Wallace defeated the English at Stirling Bridge in 1297 (it seems the English knights temporarily regained control of strategy and chose to charge in first, with disastrous results). There was therefore a score to settle. At the Ba...
The period from 1300 to 1330 was a dark period for English military history. Edward I became less effective in his declining years, and the reign of Edward II (1307-27) was disastrous: it led to defeat by the Scots at Bannockburn in 1314, when once again the recalcitrant knights seem to have regained control of strategy, and having learned nothing,...
Prior to 1300, bows were invariably depicted as being 4'6" to 5' in length, and drawn only to the chest (Fig.6). This was suitable for short-range shooting and disruptive arrowstorming, but not capable of delivering heavy lethal arrows with any great accuracy or distance. The adoption of higher-performance self-yew wood bows was an evolutionary ste...
Mar 15, 2008 · AN exhibition opens today in Trowbridge Museum charting the history of Bowyers in the town. The company has moved on a long way since it was founded by Abraham Bowyer in the early nineteenth century. In 1960, sales reached an all time high of £3m and in 1992 Bowyers was the largest producer of fresh sausages in the country!
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All Government controls on the Bowyers business were removed in 1951 and, just a couple of years later, the company made a trading profit of £71,407, compared to £9,255 in 1939. Early in 1959, the manufacture of Bowyers sausages was transferred to a single-storey building of nearly 3,810 metres, centralising production.
