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- The first commercial televisions were released to the American public in 1938, and if TV was in its infancy in the ’40s, growing up through the 1950s and ’60s, the ’70s were kind of like an adolescence: The medium got a little edgier, experimenting with new approaches and pushing social boundaries.
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Apr 6, 2024 · The 1970s were a transformative decade for television in the United States, a period marked by a remarkable evolution in content, theme, and representation that left an indelible impact on American culture and beyond.
The first commercial televisions were released to the American public in 1938, and if TV was in its infancy in the ’40s, growing up through the 1950s and ’60s, the ’70s were kind of like an adolescence: The medium got a little edgier, experimenting with new approaches and pushing social boundaries. The decade marked a turning point for ...
- Overview
- The late 1960s and early ’70s: the relevance movement
- The new cultural landscape
After the introduction of television to the public in the 1940s, a distinct dichotomy emerged between entertainment programming (which made up the bulk of the most popular shows) and news, documentary, and other less-common nonfiction shows. Throughout the 1950s, for example, stories concerning the Cold War and the emerging civil rights movement were reported on the news and in the occasional documentary, but they were for the most part ignored on popular prime-time programs. This dichotomy became even more apparent in the 1960s.
During times of national crises, television galvanized the country by preempting regular programming to provide essential coverage of significant events. Memorable examples of this were seen during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the 14 days in 1962 when the United States and the Soviet Union squared off over the placement of Russian missiles in Cuba, and the four days’ reportage of the assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy. The same was true with news coverage of the U.S. space program, especially the Moon landing in July 1969. Films of battlefield activity in Vietnam, as well as photographs, interviews, and casualty reports, were broadcast daily from the centres of conflict into American living rooms. As both international and domestic upheaval escalated in the 1960s, network news departments, originally conceived of as fulfilling a public service, became profit centres. CBS and NBC expanded their daily evening news broadcasts from 15 to 30 minutes in the fall of 1963, and ABC followed in 1967.
After the introduction of television to the public in the 1940s, a distinct dichotomy emerged between entertainment programming (which made up the bulk of the most popular shows) and news, documentary, and other less-common nonfiction shows. Throughout the 1950s, for example, stories concerning the Cold War and the emerging civil rights movement were reported on the news and in the occasional documentary, but they were for the most part ignored on popular prime-time programs. This dichotomy became even more apparent in the 1960s.
During times of national crises, television galvanized the country by preempting regular programming to provide essential coverage of significant events. Memorable examples of this were seen during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the 14 days in 1962 when the United States and the Soviet Union squared off over the placement of Russian missiles in Cuba, and the four days’ reportage of the assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy. The same was true with news coverage of the U.S. space program, especially the Moon landing in July 1969. Films of battlefield activity in Vietnam, as well as photographs, interviews, and casualty reports, were broadcast daily from the centres of conflict into American living rooms. As both international and domestic upheaval escalated in the 1960s, network news departments, originally conceived of as fulfilling a public service, became profit centres. CBS and NBC expanded their daily evening news broadcasts from 15 to 30 minutes in the fall of 1963, and ABC followed in 1967.
CBS was the first of the three networks to radically overhaul its program schedule, eliminating several shows that were still delivering very high ratings. Such CBS hits as The Jim Nabors Hour (CBS, 1969–71), Mayberry R.F.D., and Hee-Haw were all in the top 30 the year they were canceled by the network. The Beverly Hillbillies and Green Acres were also eliminated at the end of the 1970–71 season, and not a single rural comedy was left on CBS, the network that had based much of its competitive dominance in the 1960s on that genre.
Even before 1971, however, more-diverse programming had gradually been introduced to network TV, most notably on NBC. The Bill Cosby Show (1969–71), Julia (1968–71), and The Flip Wilson Show (1970–74) were among the first programs to feature African Americans in starring roles since the stereotyped presentations of Amos ’n’ Andy and Beulah (ABC, 1950–53). Rowan and Martin’s Laugh-In was proving, as had The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour (CBS, 1967–69) a few seasons earlier, that even the soon-to-be-moribund variety-show format could deliver new and contemporary messages. Dramatic series such as The Mod Squad (ABC, 1968–73), The Bold Ones (NBC, 1969–73), and The Young Lawyers (ABC, 1970–71) injected timely social issues into traditional genres featuring doctors, lawyers, and the police. In another development, 60 Minutes (CBS, begun 1968) fashioned the modern newsmagazine into a prime-time feature.
Although 60 Minutes would rank in the Nielsen top 20 (including five seasons as number one) for more than 25 years after it settled into its Sunday night time slot in 1975, the other aforementioned innovative shows were off the air by 1974. They represented, nevertheless, the future of network entertainment television. In canceling many of its hit shows after the 1970–71 season, CBS had identified and reacted to an important new industrial trend. As the 1970s approached, advertisers had become increasingly sensitive to the demographic makeup of their audience, and the ratings services were developing new methods of obtaining more detailed demographic data. As television marketing grew in sophistication, advertisers began to target young audiences, who tended to be heavy consumers and who tended to be more susceptible to commercial messages. In 1970 these audiences also tended to be intensely interested in the cultural, social, and political upheaval of the times. CBS responded to advertisers with a new vision that—despite the high ratings of its older shows—aimed at a youthful audience.
Even without the advertising imperative, the TV landscape must have seemed very strange to many young viewers involved in the contemporary social movements. In 1968, for example, both civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., and liberal presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy were assassinated; riots and protests were common on campuses across the country, and major protests took place during the Democratic convention in Chicago; and the Tet Offensive was launched in Vietnam. That same year, the second highest rated TV show in the United States was Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C., a series following the activities of a Marine Corps private that never mentioned the Vietnam War. Mayberry R.F.D. (in fourth place), which took place in a small North Carolina town, never mentioned the issue of race. Other CBS hits such as Here’s Lucy (1968–74) and Gunsmoke seemed products of a bygone era and were of little interest to younger viewers. CBS executives also noticed that the few youth-oriented shows that were on the air were doing very well at the end of the decade. In the 1968–69 season, NBC’s controversial and hip Laugh-In, for example, was the highest-rated show of the year. So, in a move uncharacteristically bold for an American television network, CBS scrapped an assortment of its hit series and launched what turned out to be an unprecedented updating of prime-time television programming. Within four years, entertainment TV would look nothing like it did in 1969. The “real world” of social, familial, and national dysfunction, which had been ignored by TV for so long, was about to break into prime time. With the spectacular success of three strikingly new programs—All in the Family, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and M*A*S*H, CBS redefined the medium.
Aug 20, 2019 · Fifty years ago, following a headline-making, counterculture-driven summer of Stonewall, Woodstock, Manson, "Easy Rider" and "Midnight Cowboy," the 1969-70 TV season kicked off.
- Jim Mckairnes
May 29, 2014 · Defining moments in 1960s television —. The first televised presidential debate was on September 26, 1960, and it involved U.S. Vice President Richard Nixon, left, and Sen. John F. Kennedy of ...
Apr 6, 2024 · During the 1960s, you witnessed an era where television blossomed with iconic shows, and Hollywood underwent a revolution that reshaped cinema. Television’s Golden Age. Your evenings in the ’60s were often spent with the family gathered around the television. Shows like The Andy Griffith Show offered a slice of American life with a hint of ...
Jun 12, 2015 · The '70s were known for extremes, with some TV shows -- such as "All in the Family," the groundbreaking sitcom from producers Norman Lear and Bud Yorkin -- aimed at social issues, others at...
