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- convoy, vessels sailing under the protection of an armed escort. Originally, convoys of merchant ships were formed as a protection against pirates. Since the 17th century, neutral powers have claimed the “right of convoy”—that is, immunity from search for neutral merchant vessels sailing under the convoy of a warship of the neutral.
www.britannica.com/topic/convoy-naval-operationsConvoy | Definition, Facts, & Battle of the Atlantic | Britannica
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The theory behind the convoy system. The idea of a convoy at sea is a simple one – to put it in basic terms, there is safety in numbers, especially when a convoy of unarmed merchantmen is accompanied by a flotilla of warships.
A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection. Often, a convoy is organized with armed defensive support and can help maintain cohesion within a unit. It may also be used in a non-military sense, for example when driving through remote areas.
The Key Role of the Convoys. Transporting supplies and soldiers in convoys protected by escorts using emerging antisubmarine technologies was crucial to the Allies sustaining Britain and eventually liberating Western Europe. By Lieutenant Commander Thomas J. Cutler, U.S. Navy (Retired) August 2020. Naval History. Volume 34, Number 4.
Oct 28, 2009 · On May 24, 1917, driven by the spectacular success of the German U-boat submarines and their attacks on Allied and neutral ships at sea, the British Royal Navy introduces a newly created convoy...
Naval mines, for example, can threaten merchant shipping in choke points and littorals throughout the European theater, whether or not that shipping is formed into a convoy. Naval mines are cheap, difficult to detect and defeat, and can be laid covertly before a conflict.
As there were not enough warships to protect thousands of individual merchant ships, they were grouped into convoys with naval escorts, making them hard to find and difficult to attack. During the Second World War, Britain depended on vital supplies of food, equipment and raw materials from overseas, notably from North America and the Empire.
