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The Sơn Tây campaign was the fiercest campaign the French had yet fought in Tonkin. Although the Chinese and Vietnamese contingents at Sơn Tây played little part in the defence, Liu Yongfu's Black Flags fought ferociously to hold the city.
The Sơn Tây campaign (11 December 1883 to 17 December 1883) was a campaign fought by the French to capture the strategically important city of Sơn Tây in Tonkin (northern Vietnam) from Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and allied contingents of Vietnamese and Chinese troops.
The French conquest of Vietnam 1 (1858–1885) was a series of military expeditions that pitted the Second French Empire, later the French Third Republic, against the Vietnamese empire of Đại Nam in the mid-late 19th century. Its end results were victories for the French as they defeated the Vietnamese and their Chinese allies in 1885, the ...
Nov 8, 2020 · The Tonkinese experience – the Phu Lang Thuong-Lang Son railway by J P Vergez Larrouy. Translated from “L’Experience Tonkinoise: le Chemin de fer Phu Lang Thuong à Lang Son” by J P Vergez Larrouy, Chemins de fer regionaux et urbains, No 239, 1993-IV. Tonkin became a French protectorate in 1884; in the same year, the first railway ...
Once revered as one of the four essential towns in Tonkin, Son Tay stood as a protective shield for the North Citadel. It also acted as a strategic springboard for the court to safeguard the upper border regions, overlooking the Da River, Red River, and Lo River.
Having pacified Vietnam in the late nineteenth century, the French colonialists had the immediate objective of laying a solid basis for their colonial ruling regime in all of French Indochina. Administra-tively, Vietnam was divided into three regions ̶ Tonkin, Annam and Cochinchina ̶ within the framework of the Indochinese Union.
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After the Japanese surrender, the French came back to Tai Country in February of 1946 and tried to rule Indochina as before. But the Vietminh and other Indochina guerrilla groups, such as the Pathet Lao and Khmer Issarak, were formed to defeat and chase the French out of Indochina.
