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Odanak is an Abenaki First Nations reserve in the Central Quebec region, Quebec, Canada. The mostly First Nations population as of the 2021 Canadian census was 481. The territory is located near the mouth of the Saint-François River at its confluence with the St. Lawrence River.
Jul 25, 2024 · Founded in 1965 by community members and missionary Rémi Dolan, the Musée des Abénakis is the first Aboriginal museum institution in Quebec. Located in the former Catholic school of Odanak, on the banks of the Saint-François River, the Museum invites you to discover the cultural richness of the Abenaki First Nation.
- Abenaki Peoples
- Population and Territory
- Pre-Contact Life
- Culture
- Language
- Religion and Spirituality
- Creation Stories
- Colonial History
- Land Claim
- Contemporary Life
The Abenaki Nation is generally divided into two groups: Eastern and Western Abenaki. Together, the two groups have historically covered areas from Lake Champlain in Quebecto parts of Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont in the United States. Together with the Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), Passamaquoddy, Mi’kmaq and Penobscot, the Abenaki formed the Wabanak...
In the 1600s, the Eastern Abenaki occupied what is now the state of Maine, except for its northern and easternmost portions. The Western Abenaki lived in the rest of northern New England, from New Hampshire to Lake Champlain. The Iroquoians eventuallyexpanded through the St. Lawrence Valley, but the region opened up to Western Abenaki expansion whe...
During much of the 17th century, the Abenaki were hunters, fishers and gatherers. Favoured game was more often moose than deer. They travelled mainly by birchbark canoes on lakes and streams, and lived in villages near waterfalls on major rivers during the seasons when migratory fish could be harvested. During other seasons, they dispersed in famil...
Abenaki culture is rich with oral histories, traditional teachings, art, drumming and dancing. Although some traditional practices and ceremonies were suppressed by restrictive federal policies and legislation, such as residential schools and the Indian Act, Abenaki culture has survived and continues to thrive. The Musée des Abénakis, a museum that...
The Western and Eastern Abenaki spoke closely related Algonquian languages, each having various local dialects. Eastern Abenaki had at least four such dialects: Pequawket (Pigwacket), Arosaguntacook (Aroosagunticook), Kennebec and Penobscot. All Abenaki were part of the Eastern Algonquian cultures, and were separated from other Algonquian in the we...
Gici Niwaskw is the “Great Spirit” or Creator in Abenaki and southern Wabanaki tribal lore and spirituality. Sometimes referred to as Tabaldak/Dabaldak (“Lord”) or Niwaskowôgan (“Great Spirit”) in Abenaki, the Creator is a benevolent and abstract being, who does not directly interact with humans. As in other Algonquian communities, the Great Spirit...
Gici Niwaskw is said to have created the entire world. In some Abenaki tales, there was no sound or colour until the Creator filled the empty earth with life and light. He commanded Tolba, the Great Turtle, to emerge from the water and form the land. Gici Niswaskw created mountains and valleys on Tolba’s back and clouds above his head. While he sle...
The Abenaki are prominent in the journals of explorer Samuel de Champlain, and those of other explorers and missionaries. Between 1600 and 1650, there were approximately 13,800 Eastern Abenaki and 12,000 Western Abenaki. Within a few decades of contact with Europeans, Old World diseases, particularly measles and smallpox, reduced the populations in...
A land claim settlement in February 1995 between the Eastern Abenaki Penobscot Nation and the State of Maine was broadened to include allied Maliseetand Passamaquoddy residing there. In 1996, the Odanak and Wôlinak First Nations filed a land claim for a former reserve located northwest of La Tuque, known as Crespieul. Created in 1894, the Abenaki a...
Today, most Abenaki are engaged in mainstream occupations of Quebec and New England. They continue to be known for the quality of their split basketry and their lively folklore. There are several organizations that exist to foster various aspects of traditional Abenaki culture and to promote broader understanding of their history and arts.
The two official Abenaki communities in Canada are Odanak and Wôlinak, formerly known as Saint-François and Bécancour (or Saint-François-Xavier) respectively.
Odanak. The Abenaki community of Odanak, which means in the village, is located in Centre-du-Québec, on the east bank of the Saint-François River. It is home to the oldest Indigenous museum and the first CEGEP dedicated to Indigenous education in Quebec.
Nov 27, 2008 · They then split into 2 communities: the Odanak (Saint-François-du-Lac) and the Wôlinak (Bécancour). The village of Odanak was more densely populated, comprising more than 1500 people at the end of the French Regime, while the Wôlinak then numbered fewer than 300.
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Odanak and Wôlinak, the two Wabanaki communities in Québec, are located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River near Trois-Rivières, between Sorel and Bécancour. There are more than 3,000 Abenaki in Québec, at least 400 of whom live in Odanak and Wôlinak.
